高考命题者常常利用熟悉的句型结构,或者一些固定搭配来制造陷阱,让考生在非常神气的心情中快速地得出错误的答案。针对这种情况,笔者粗略归纳了常见陷阱题的类型并加以分析,希望能对同学们在解题过程中巧识陷阱有所帮助。
1.思维定势型思维定势是指人们在长期的思维过程中所形成的一种固定的思维模式。它是一把双刃剑,如果运用得当,它可以帮助考生将考题内容与以前所学知识迅速联系起来,并在短时间内调集解决问题所需的相关知识进行分析、推理,并很快得出正确的结论;但若运用不当,它便会误导考生掉入命题人所预设的陷阱,得出错误的结论。
例1 In order not to be disturbed, I spent three hours ______ in my study.
A. locking B. locked C. to lock D. to be locked
解析:答案为B,但考生易误选A,以为是考查spend(in)doing结构。其实,不是锁门花去了三小时,而是将自己锁在书房里度过了三小时,用过去分词短语作伴随状语。
2.规则硬套型就是指不从语言实际出发,不考虑特定的语言环境,而是机械地套用语法规则,生搬硬套语法的条条框框,从而错误地作出选择。
例2 He made up his mind to devote his life ______pollution______ happily.
A. to prevent, to live B. to prevent, from living C. to preventing, to live D. to preventing,living
解析:答案为C,但易误选B,认为第一空应填to,是不定式符号,第二空是prevent (from) doing sth.是固定搭配。其实devote to (把奉献给)中的to是介词,接-ing形式;第二空也不是阻止污染过上幸福生活,而是为了过上幸福生活而阻止污染,用不定式作目的状语。
3.母语干扰型学外语最忌母语干扰,但由于母语在大脑中根深蒂固,所以常常会对外语学习者大脑中尚不牢固的外语知识产生负面影响。命题者也往往利用这一点,制造陷阱。
例3 Ill come to see you if______.
A. youre convenient B. it is convenient for you C. you feel convenient D. it is convenient with you
解析:答案为B,但易误选A或C,因为按汉语意思,如果你方便的话,易直译为if you are convenient或if you feel convenient.但事实上,英语中表示如果你方便的话,通常说if it is convenient for(to)you. 4.插入隔离型有时一个本来很简单的句子,在其中置入一个插入成分,或将某些成分从正常位置调入一个在同学们看来属非正常的位置,则很有可能给同学们的理解带来困难。
例4 He ran as fast as he could ______the bus.
A. catch B. to catch C. catching D. caught
解析:答案为B,但易选A,以为情态动词could后要接动词原形。其实,这里的情态动词could后已省略了一个动词原形run了,后面应用动词不定式表示目的。
5.借用倒装型英语句子的一般语序为主语部分+谓语部分,如果把谓语或谓语的一部分放到主语前面,我们称之为倒装。命题者就利用这种不正常的句式跟你绕弯子。解决类似的题目,关键是要熟悉倒装规则,学会识别倒装句。
例5 _______he followed my advice, he would have succeeded.
A. When B. If C. Had D. Has
解析:答案为C,但易误选B.若选B,主句和从句的时态就会矛盾了,根据后面的谓语的形式,前面要用过去完成式had followed才对。其实,这里的if被省略,将had提前了。
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