搞计算机的朋友,大概都知道redundancy(冗余度)这个术语,它的意思是:在一个系统中,有些东西是可有可无的,没有最好,有了也不算错,这种多余的东西,如果很多,我们就说redundancy大,如果很少,我们就说redundancy小。我为什么要说这个术语呢?这是因为我看了有些同学的几篇英语作文,看完之后,脑海中首先浮现的,就是redundancy这个词。
我能看出来,这些同学的作文,都是认真撰写的,并且经过了修改和润色,所以并没有语法问题。但是另一方面,在这些作文中,有一些多余的成分,使文章整体上看上去不够简练,下面我就举两个例子,请您看一看。比如下面第一句,学生在Katharine的后面,插入一个以who开头的定语从句,用来修饰Katharine,我看后,就觉得有一点罗嗦,这句话如果让我写,我会用两个短语代替这个定语从句,这样看上去更简练一些(请看第二句)。
①Katharine, who is our English teacher and is called Kathie by her students, showed us how much she enjoyed the children.
②Katharine, our English teacher, called Kathie by her students, showed us how much she enjoyed the children.
③译文:Katharine,我们的英语教师,学生们管她叫Kathie,向我们表示她非常喜欢孩子。
再比如下面第一句,学生使用一个短语facing toward the sea,来表示某个建筑物朝向大海,这当然是可以的,但我也觉得有一点罗嗦,这句话如果让我写,我会用一个单词seaward代替这个短语,这样看上去更简练一些(请看第二句)。
①Our central teaching building is facing toward the sea.
②Our central teaching building is seaward.
③译文:我们的中央教学楼面对大海。
事实上,我本人在中翻英时,经常使用上面介绍的这两种方法,也就是用短语代替从句,用单词代替短语,以便使文章更加简练一些。不过我也承认,这两种方法,在有些情况下,修辞性(rhetoricality)比较差,比如用seaward代替facing toward the sea,虽然是简练了,但句子显得比较单薄,并且缺乏美感,读者在参考、借鉴这两种方法时,应当慎重一些。
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