科学为尼采做佐证:使你痛苦者必使你强大

Small amounts of trauma can make us more resilient, a new study has found 新的研究表明，少量的创伤能够增强我们的心理复原能力

He said what doesnt kill you makes you stronger and it seems that philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche was right. 哲学家弗里德里希?尼采曾说过：没有杀死你的只会让你更强大---现在看来尼采是对的。

Scientists have found that although traumatic experiences such as losing a loved one can be psychologically damaging, small amounts of trauma can make us more resilient. 科学家发现，一些诸如失去爱人之类创伤性经历会给心理造成一定损害，少量的创伤反而能增强我们的心理复原能力。

In one study, those who experienced many difficult life events were found to be more distressed in general but the same was true of some who had not faced any. 一项研究中发现，那些在生活中经历了一些困难人总体上表现得更加紧张和忧虑，但一些没有经历困苦的人其实也一样。

Those who had experienced some difficulties were the best off. 那些经历过困苦的人通常健康状况是最好的。

Other research revealed that people with chronic back pain were more mobile if they had experienced some serious adversity. Sufferers who had encountered either a lot or none at all were more impaired. 其它研究也表明，在有着长期性背部疼痛的人当中，那些生活中经历了逆境的人行动会更加灵活。 而那些没有经历过很多或者根本没有经历过逆境的患病者，会更容易受到不良影响。

Researcher Mark Seery, a psychologist at the University at Buffalo in the U.S., said: A lot of ideas that seem like common sense arent supported by scientific evidence. Indeed, a lot of solid psychology research shows that having miserable life experiences is bad for you. 研究者马克?西里是美国布法罗大学的心理学家，他说：许多观点似乎都只是常识，并没有科学证据支持。确实，有很多可靠的心理学研究表明痛苦的生活经历对一个人不利。

Wise man: Friedrich Nietzsche, philosopher has been proven right 智者弗里德里奇?尼采，大哲学家被证明是正确的。

Serious events like the death of a child or parent, a natural disaster, being physically attacked, experiencing sexual abuse, or being forcibly separated from your family can cause psychological problems. 一些严重的事件，比如孩子或父母亡故、自然灾害、人身攻击、性侵害、或者是被迫与家庭分离，都可能会引起心理问题

In fact, some research has suggested that the best way to go through life is having nothing ever happen to you. But not only is that unrealistic, its not necessarily healthy. 事实上，部分研究表明度过一生最好的方式就是什么坏事都不要在你身上发生。但这不仅不现实，也未必健康。

He suggested that those who go through difficult experiences are given a chance to develop an ability to cope with such situations in the future. 他表示，那些生活中经历了逆境的人反而获得了机会来锻炼自己的能力，以在将来的生活中处理好类似情况。

The idea is that negative life experiences can toughen people, making them better able to manage subsequent difficulties, he said. 负面的生活经历能够磨练人的意志，这种想法使他们能够更好地去处理之后遇到的困难。他说。

Although he stressed that negative events have negative effects, Dr Seery added: I really look at this as being a silver lining. Just because something bad has happened to someone doesnt mean theyre doomed to be damaged from that point on. 虽然西里博士强调不良的事件产生不良的影响，他补充道：其实把这看做是乌云背后的幸福线。一些坏事发生在某人身上，这并不意味这他注定从此之后都是不完整的。

His report on adversity and resilience appears in the latest issue of the journal Current Directions in Psychological Science. 他对于逆境和复原能力的报告被登在最近一期的《心理科学最新趋势》上。