2013年职称英语考试《综合类A级》考试真题

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语有下划线，请为每处划线部分确定l个意义最为接近的选项。

1、 Respect for life is a cardinal principle of the law．

A．fundamental

B．moral

C．regular

D．hard

2、The proposal wasendorsedby the majority Of members．

A．rejected

B．approved

C．submitted

D．considered

3、Many experts remainskepticalabout his claims．

A．untouched

B．certain

C．silent

D．doubtful

4、This species has nearlydied outbecause its habitat is being destroyed．

A．turned dead

B．passed by

C．carried away

D．become extinct

5、The methods of communication used during the war wereprimitive．

A．reliable

B．effective

C．simple

D．alternative

6、Three worldclass tennis players came tocontendfor this title．

A．argue

B．claim

C．wish

D．compete

7、Come out．or Illbustthe door down．

A．shut

B．beat

C．set

D．break

8、The rules are toorigidto allow for human error．

A．general

B．complex

C．inflexible

D．direct

9、The tower remainsintactever after two hundred years．

A．unknown

B．undamaged

C．unusual

D．unstable

10、They didnt seem to appreciate themagnitudeof the problem．

A．existence

B．cause

C．importance

D．situation

11、The contract between the two companies willexpiresoon．

A．shorten

B．start

C．end

D．resume

12、The drinking water has becomecontaminatedwith lead．

A．polluted

B．treated

C．tested

D．corrupted

13、Shesheda few tears at her daughters wedding．

A．produced

B．wiped

C．injected

D．removed

14、Rumors began tocirculateabout his financial problems．

A．send

B．hear

C．confirm

D．spread

15、The police will need to keep awaryeye on this area of town．

A．cautious

B．naked

C．blind

D．private

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

16、请根据短文的内容，对16-23做出判断。

Mau Piailug, Ocean Navigator Mau sailed from Hawaii to Tahiti using traditional methods. In early 1976, Mau Piailug, a freshman, led an expedition in which he sailed a traditional Polynesian boat across 25, 000 miles of ocean from Hawaii to Tahiti. The Polynesian Voyaging Society had organized the expedition. Its purpose was to find out if seafarers (海员) in the distant past could have found their way from one island to the other without navigational instruments, or whether the islands had been populated by accident. At the time, Mau was the only man alive who know how to navigate just by observing the stars, the wind and the sea.

He had never before sailed to Tahiti, which was a long way to the south. However, he understood how the wind and the sea behave around islands, so he was confident he could find his way. The voyage took him and his crew a month to complete and he did it without a compass or charts.

His grandfather began the task of teaching him how to navigate when he was still a baby. He showed him pools of water on the beach to teach him how the behavior of the waves and wind changed in different places. Later, Mau used a circle of stones to memorize the positions of the stars. Each stone was laid out in the sand to represent a star.

The voyage proved that Hawaiis ftrst inhabitants came in a small boats and navigated by reading the sea and the stars. Mau himself became a keen teacher, passing on his traditional secrets to people of other cultures so that his knowledge would not be lost. He explained the positions of the stars to his students, but he allowed them to write things down because he knew they would never be able to remember everything as he had done.

At the time of his voyage, Mau had unique navigational skills.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

17、Mau was familiar with the sea around Tahiti.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

18、Mau could not afford a compass or charts.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

19、Mau learnt navigation skills from his grandfather.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

20、Mau used stones to memories where the stars were situated in the sky.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

21、The first inhabitants of Hawaii could read and write.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

22、Mau expected his students to remember the positions of the stars immediately.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

23、 根据材料，回答23-31问题。

Traffic Jams -- No End in Sight 1. Traffic congestion (拥堵) affects people throughout the world. Traffic jams cause smog in dozens of cities across both the developed and developing world. In the U. S. , commuters (通勤人员) spend an average of a full working week each year sitting in traffic jams,according to the Texas Transportation Institute. While alternative ways of getting around are available, most people still choose their cars because they are looking for convenience,comfort and privacy.

2. The most promising technique for reducing city traffic is called congestion pricing, whereby cities charge a toll to enter certain parts of town at certain times of day. In theory, if the toll is high enough, some drivers will cancel their trips or go by bus or train. And in practice it seems to work: Singapore, London and Stockholm have reduced traffic and pollution in city centers thanks to congestion pricing.

3. Another way to reduce rush-hour traffic is for employers to implement flextime, which lets employees travel to and from work at off-peak traffic times to avoid the rush hour. Those who have to travel during busy times can do their part by sharing cars. Employers can also allow more staff to telecommute ( work from home) so as to keep more cars off the road altogether.

4. Some urban planners still believe that the best way to ease traffic congestion is to build more roads, especially roads that can take drivers around or overcrowded city streets. But such techniques do not really keep cars off the road; they only accommodate more of them.

5. Other, more forward-thinking, planners know that more and more drivers and cars are taking to the roads every day, and they are unwilling to encourage more private automobiles whenpublic transport is so much better both for people and the environment. For this reason, the American government has decided to spend some $ 7 billion on helping to increase capacity on public-transport systems and upgrade them with more efficient technologies.But environmentalists complain that such funding is tiny compared with the $ 50 billion being spent on roads and bridges.

Paragraph 1____

A．Changing work practice

B．Not doing enough

C．Closing city centers to traffic

D．A global problem

E．A solution which is no solution

F．Paying to get in

24、 Paragraph 2____

A．Changing work practice

B．Not doing enough

C．Closing city centers to traffic

D．A global problem

E．A solution which is no solution

F．Paying to get in

25、 Paragraph 3____

A．Changing work practice

B．Not doing enough

C．Closing city centers to traffic

D．A global problem

E．A solution which is no solution

F．Paying to get in

26、 Paragraph 4____

A．Changing work practice

B．Not doing enough

C．Closing city centers to traffic

D．A global problem

E．A solution which is no solution

F．Paying to get in

27、 Most American drivers think it convenient to____.

A．drive around

B．go by bus

C．travel regularly

D．encourage more private cars

E．spend more money

F．reduce traffic iams

28、 If charged high enough, some drivers may____to enter certain parts of town.

A．drive around

B．go by bus

C．travel regularly

D．encourage more private cars

E．spend more money

F．reduce traffic iams

29、 Building more roads is not an effective way to____.

A．drive around

B．go by bus

C．travel regularly

D．encourage more private cars

E．spend more money

F．reduce traffic iams

30、 The U. S. government has planned to____ updating public-transport systems.

A．drive around

B．go by bus

C．travel regularly

D．encourage more private cars

E．spend more money

F．reduce traffic iams

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定l个最佳选项。

31、根据材料，回答31-36问题。

Why So Many Children In many of the developing countries in Africa and Asia, the population is growing fast. The reason for this is simple: Women in these countries have a high birth rate from 3.0 to 7.13 children per woman. The majority of these women are poor, without the food or resources to care for their families. Why do they have so many children? Why dont they limit the size of their families? The answer may be that they often have no choice. There are several reasons for this.

One reason is economic. In a traditional agricultural economy, large families are helpful.Having more children means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age. In an industrial economy, the situation is different. Many children do not help a family; instead, they are an expense. Thus, industrialization has generally brought down the birth rate. This was the case in Italy, which was industrialized quite recently and rapidly. In the early part of the twentieth century, Italy was a poor, largely agricultural country with a high birth rate. After World War II, Italys economy was rapidly modernized and industrialized. By the end of the century, the birth rate had dropped to 1.3 children per woman, the worlds lowest.

However, the economy is not the only important factor that influences birth rate. Saudi Arabia, for example, does not have an agriculture-based economy, and it has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world. Nevertheless, it also has a very high birth rate (7.0). Mexico and Indonesia, on the other hand, are poor countries, with largely agricultural economies, but they have recently reduced their population growth.

Clearly, other factors are involved. The most important of these is the condition of women.A high birth rate almost always goes together with lack of education and low status for women.This would explain the high birth rate of Saudi Arabia. There, the traditional culture gives women little education or independence and few possibilities outside the home. On the other hand, the improved condition of women in Mexico, Thailand, and Indonesia explains the decline in birth rates in these countries. Their governments have taken measures to provide more education and opportunities for women.

Another key factor in the birth rate is birth control. Women may want to limit their families but have no way to do so. In countries where governments have made birth control easily available and inexpensive, birth rates have gone down. This is the case in Singapore, Sri Lanka, and India, as well as in Indonesia, Thailand, Mexico, and Brazil. In these countries,women have also been provided with health care and help in planning their families.

These trends show that an effective program to reduce population growth does not have to depend on better economic conditions. It can be effective if it aims to help women and meet their needs. Only then, in fact, does it have any real chance of success.

In a traditional agricultural economy, a large family____

A．may limit income

B．can be an advantage

C．isnt necessary

D．is expensive

32、 When countries become industrialized____

A．the birth rate generally goes down

B．families often become larger

C．women usually decide not have a family

D．the population generally grows rapidly

33、 Italy today is an example of an____

A．agricultural country with a high birth rate

B．agricultural country with a low birth rate

C．industrialized country with a low birth rate

D．industrialized country with a high birth rate

34、 Saudi Arabia is mentioned in the passage because it shows tha____ t

A．the most important factor influencing birth rate is the economy

B．women who have a high income usually have few children

C．the birth rate depends on per capita income

D．factors other than the economy influence birth rate

35、In Mexico, Thailand, and Indonesia, the government____

A．is not concerned about the status of women

B．has tried to improve the condition of women

C．has tried to industrialize the country rapidly

D．does not allow women to work outside the home

36、根据材料，回答36-41问题。

Making a Loss Is the Height of Fashion Given that a good year in the haute couture (高级定制女装) business is one where you lose even more money than usual, the prevailing mood in Paris last week was sensational. The big-name designers were falling over themselves to boast of how many outfits they had sold at below cost price, and how this proved that the fashion business was healthier than ever. Jean-Paul Gaultier reported record sales. but we dont make any money out of it, the designer assured journalists backstage. No matter how successful you are, you cant make a profit from couture, explained Jean-Jacques Picart, a veteran fashion PR man, and co-founder of the now-bankrupt Lacroix house.

Almost 20 years have passed since the unusual economics of the couture business were first exposed. Outraged that he was losing money on evening dresses costing tens of thousands of pounds, the couturier Jean-Louis Scherrer published of his costs. One outfit he described curtained over half a mile of gold thread, 18, 000 sequins (亮片), and had required hundreds of hours of hand-stitching in an atelier (制作室). A fair price would have been ~ 50, 000 , but the couturier could only get ~ 35, 000 for it. Rather than riding high on the foolishness of the super-rich, he and his team could barely feed their hungry families.

The result was an outcry and the first of a series of government and industry-sponsored inquiries into the surreal ( 超现实的) world of ultimate fashion. The trade continues to insist that couture offers you more than you pay for, but its not as simple as that. When such a temple of old wealth starts talking about value for money. It isnt to convince anyone that dresses costing as much as houses are a bargain. Rather, it is to preserve the peculiar mystique (神秘), lucrative (利润丰厚的) associations and threatened interests that couture represents.

Essentially, the arguments couldnt be simpler. On one side are those who say that the business will die if it doesnt change. On the other are those who say it will die if it does. Huge in its costs, tiny in its clientele and questionable in its influence, it still remains one of the great themes of Parisian life. In his book, The Fashion Conspiracy, Nicholas Coleridge estimates that the entire couture industry rests on the whims (一时兴起) of less than 30 immensely wealthy women, and although the number may have grown in recent years with the new prosperity of Asia, the number of couture customers worldwide is no more than 4, 000.

To qualify as couture, a garment must be entirely handmade by one of the 11 Paris couture houses registered to the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture. Each house must employ at least 20 people, and show a minimum of 75 new designs a year. So far, so traditional, but the Big Four operators -- Chanel, Dior, Givenchy and Gaultier -- increasingly use couture as a marketing device for their far more profitable ready-to-wear, fragrance and accessory lines.

What is the main idea of the first paragraph____ ?

A．The haute couture designers claim losses in their sales.

B．The haute couture business is expanding quickly.

C．The haute couture designers make much profit in their sales.

D．The haute couture businessmen are happy with their profit.

37、 According to the second paragraph, Jean-Louis Scherrer____

A．was in a worse financial position than other couturiers

B．was very angry as he was losing money

C．was one of the best-know couturiers

D．stopped producing haute couture dresses

38、 The writer says that the outfit Jean-Louis Scherrer described____

A．was worth the price that was paid for it

B．should have cost the customer than it did

C．cost more to make than it should have

D．was never sold to anyone

39、 The writer says in Paragraph 4 that there is disagreement over____

A．the future of haute couture

B．the history of haute couture

C．the real costs of haute couture

D．the changes that need to be made in haute couture

40、What is the writers tone toward haute couture business____?

A．Somewhat ironical.

B．Quite supportive.

C．Fairly friendly.

D．Rather indifferent.

41、根据材料，回答41-46问题。

On the Trial of the Honey Badger On a recent field trip to the Kalahari Desert, a team of researchers learn a lot more about honey badgers. The team employed a local wildlife expert Kitso Khama to help them locate and follow the badgers across the desert. Their main aim was to study the badgers movements and behavior as discreetly (谨慎地) as possible without frightening them away or causing them to change their natural behavior. They also planned to trap a few and study them close up before releasing them in view of the animals reputation; this was something that even Khama was reluctant to do.

The problem with honey badgers is they are naturally curious animals, especially when they see something new, he says. That, combined with their unpredictable nature, can be a dangerous mixture. If they sense you have food, for example, they wont be shy about coming right up to you for something to eat. Theyre actually quite sociable creatures around humans,but as soon as they feel they might be in danger, they can become extremely vicious (凶恶的). Fortunately this is rare, but it does happen.

The research confirrned many things that were already known. As expected, honey badgers ate any creatures they could catch and kill. Even poisonous snakes, feared and avoided by most other animals, were not safe from them. The researchers were surprised, however, by the animals fondness for local melons, probably because of their high water content. Preciously researchers thought that the animal got all of its liquid requirements from its prey (猎物). The team also learnt that, contrary to previous research findings, the badgers occasionally formed loose family groups. They were also able to confirm certain results from previous research,including the fact that female badgers never socialized with each other.

Following some of the male badgers was a challenge, since they can cover large distances in a short space of time. Some hunting territories cover more than 500 square kilometers.Although they seem happy to share these territories with other males, there are occasional fights over an important food source, and male badgers can be as aggressive towards each other as they are towards other species.

As the badgers became accustomed to the presence of people, it gave the team the chance to get up close to them without being the subject of the animals curiosity -- or sudden aggression. The badgers eating patterns, which had been disrupted, to normal. It also allowed the team to observe more closely some of the other creatures that form working associations with the honey badger, as these seemed to badgers relaxed attitude when near humans.

Why did the wildlife experts visit the Kalahari Desert____?

A．To find where honey badgers live.

B．To catch some honey badgers for food.

C．To find out why honey badgers have a bad reputation.

D．To observe how honey badgers behave.

42、 What does Kitso Khama say about honey badgers____?

A．They are always looking for food.

B．They do not enjoy human company.

C．It is common for them to attack people.

D．They show interest in things they are not familiar with.

43、 What did the team find out about honey badgers____?

A．There were some creatures they did not eat.

B．They were afraid of poisonous creatures.

C．Female badgers did not mix with male badgers.

D．They may get some of the water they needed from fruit.

44、 Which of the following is a typical feature of male badgers____?

A．They dont run very quickly.

B．They defend their territory from other badgers.

C．They hunt over a very large area.

D．They are more aggressive than females.

45、What happened when honey badgers got used to humans around them____?

A．They lost interest in people.

B．They became less aggressive towards other creatures.

C．They started eating more.

D．Other animals started working with them.

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

46、根据材料，回答46-51问题。

Toads are Arthritis and in Pain 　　　Arthritis is an illness that Can cause pain and swelling in your bones. Toads, a big problem in the north of Australia, are suffering from painful arthritis in their legs and backbone, a new study has shown. The toads that jump the fastest are more likely to be larger and to have longer legs. ____ (46) ____

The large yellow toads, native to South and Central America, were introduced into the north-eastern Australian state of Queensland in 1935 in an attempt to stop beetles and other insects from destroying sugarcane crops. Now up to 200 million of the poisonous toads exist in the country, and they are rapidly spreading through the state of Northern Territory at a rate of up to 60 km a year. The toads can now be found across more than one million square kilometers.____ (47) ____A Venezuelan poison virus was tried in the 1990s but had to be abandoned after it was found to also kill native frog species.

The toads have severely affected ecosystems in Australia. Animals, and sometimes pets,that eat the toads die immediately from their poison, and the toads themselves eat anything they can fit inside their mouth. ____ (48) ____

A co-author of the new study, Rick Shine, a professor at the University of Sydney, says that little attention has been given to the problems that toads face. Rick and hiscolleagues studied nearly 500 toads from Queensland and the Northern Territory and found that those in the latter state were very different. They were active, sprinting down roads and breeding quickly.

According to the results of the study, the fastest toads travel nearly one kilometer a night. ____ (49) ____But speed and strength come at a price -- arthritis of the legs and backbone due to constant pressure placed on them.

In laboratory tests, the researchers found that after about 15 minutes of hopping, arthritic toads would travel less distance with each hop (跳跃). ____ (50) ____These toads are so programmed to move, apparently, that even when in pain the toads travelled as fast and as far as the healthy ones, continuing their relentless march across the landscape.

请在第__(46)__处填上正确答案。

A．But this advantage also has a big drawback up to 10% of the biggest toads suffer from arthritis.

B．The task now facing the country is how to remove the toads.

C．But arthritis didnt slow down toads outside the laboratory.

D．Toads with longer legs move faster and travel longer distances while the others are being left behind.

E．Toads are not built to be road runners -- they are built to sit around ponds and wet areas.

F．Furthermore, they soon take over the natural habitats of Australias native species.

47、 请在第__(47)__处填上正确答案。

A．But this advantage also has a big drawback up to 10% of the biggest toads suffer from arthritis.

B．The task now facing the country is how to remove the toads.

C．But arthritis didnt slow down toads outside the laboratory.

D．Toads with longer legs move faster and travel longer distances while the others are being left behind.

E．Toads are not built to be road runners -- they are built to sit around ponds and wet areas.

F．Furthermore, they soon take over the natural habitats of Australias native species.

48、 请在第__(48)__处填上正确答案。

A．But this advantage also has a big drawback up to 10% of the biggest toads suffer from arthritis.

B．The task now facing the country is how to remove the toads.

C．But arthritis didnt slow down toads outside the laboratory.

D．Toads with longer legs move faster and travel longer distances while the others are being left behind.

E．Toads are not built to be road runners -- they are built to sit around ponds and wet areas.

F．Furthermore, they soon take over the natural habitats of Australias native species.

49、 请在第__(49)__处填上正确答案。

A．But this advantage also has a big drawback up to 10% of the biggest toads suffer from arthritis.

B．The task now facing the country is how to remove the toads.

C．But arthritis didnt slow down toads outside the laboratory.

D．Toads with longer legs move faster and travel longer distances while the others are being left behind.

E．Toads are not built to be road runners -- they are built to sit around ponds and wet areas.

F．Furthermore, they soon take over the natural habitats of Australias native species.

50、请在第__(50)__处填上正确答案。

A．But this advantage also has a big drawback up to 10% of the biggest toads suffer from arthritis.

B．The task now facing the country is how to remove the toads.

C．But arthritis didnt slow down toads outside the laboratory.

D．Toads with longer legs move faster and travel longer distances while the others are being left behind.

E．Toads are not built to be road runners -- they are built to sit around ponds and wet areas.

F．Furthermore, they soon take over the natural habitats of Australias native species.

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定l个最佳选项

51、根据材料，回答{TSE}问题。

Family History In an age when technology is developing faster than ever before, many people are being attracted to the____ (51) ____of looking back into the past. One way they can do this is by____ (52) ____their own family history. They can try to____ (53) ____out more about where their families carne from and what they did. This is now a fast-growing hobby, especially in countries____ (54) ____a fairy short history, like Australia and the United States.

It is one thing to spend some time____ (55) ____through a book on family history and to ____ (56) ____the decision to investigate your own familys past. It is quite another to____ (57) ____out the research work successfully. It is easy to set about it in a disorganised____ (58) ____and cause yourself many problems which could have been ____ (59) ____ with a little forward planning.

If your own family stories tell you. ____ (60) ____you are connected with a famous character,whether hero or criminal, do not let this idea take____ (61)____your research. Just treat it as an interesting ____ (62) ____. A simple system with collecting and storing your information will be adequate to____ (63) ____ with; a more complex one may only get in your ____ (64) ____ The most important thing, though, is to get started. Who____ (65) ____what you might find?

请在第____处填上正确答案。

A．chain

B．attention

C．idea

D．interest

52、 请在第__(52)__处填上正确答案。

A．recording

B．creating

C．investigating~

D．rewriting

53、 请在第__(53)__处填上正确答案。

A．put

B．find

C．set

D．get

54、 请在第__(54)__处填上正确答案。

A．of

B．in

C．for

D．with

55、 请在第__(55)__处填上正确答案。

A．seeing

B．going

C．following

D．coming

56、 请在第__(56)__处填上正确答案。

A．accept

B．reach

C．leave

D．make

57、 请在第__(57)__处填上正确答案。

A．work

B．figure

C．carry

D．turn

58、 请在第__(58)__处填上正确答案。

A．body

B．way

C．system

D．event

59、 请在第__(59)__处填上正确答案。

A．avoided

B．missed

C．lost

D．escaped

60、 请在第__(60)__处填上正确答案。

A．when

B．why

C．that

D．what

61、 请在第__(61)__处填上正确答案。

A．up

B．away

C．off

D．over

62、 请在第__(62)__处填上正确答案。

A．possibility

B．reason

C．question

D．example

63、 请在第__(63)__处填上正确答案。

A．play

B．start

C．live

D．break

64、 请在第__(64)__处填上正确答案。

A．side

B．road

C．way

D．track

65、请在第__(65)__处填上正确答案。

A．worries

B．knows

C．believes

D．realizes