2010职称英语试题卫生类C：阅读理解

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　　第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文回答其后面的问题，为每题确定一个最佳答案。

　　第一篇

　　U. S. Eats Too Much Salt

　 　People in the United States consume more than twice the recommended amount of salt, raising their risk for high blood pressure, heart attacks and strokes, govemment health experts said on Thursday.

　 　They found nearly 70 percent of U. S. adults are in high-risk groups that would benefit from a lower-salt diet of no more than l,500 mg per day, yet most consume closer to 3,500 mg per day.

　　Its important for people to eat less salt. People who adopt a heart-healthy eating pattem that includes a diet low in sodium(钠) and rich in potassium(钾) and calcium(钙) can improve their blood pressure, Dr. Darwin Labarthe of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said in a statement.

　　 People need to know their recommended daily sodium limit and take action to reduce sodium intake , Labarthe said.

　 　The study in CDCs weekly report on death and disease used national survey data to show that two out of three adults should be consuming no more than l,500 mg of sodium per day because they are black or over the age of 40-which are considered high-risk groups.

　　Yet studies show most people in the United States eat 3,436 mg of sodium per day, according to a 2005 - 2006 CDC estimate.

　 　Most of the sodium eaten comes from packaged, processed and restaurant foods. The CDC said it will join other agencies in the Health and Human Services department in working with major food manufacturers and chain restaurants to reduce sodium levels in the food supply.

　　 Nationwide, 16 million men and women have heart disease and 5. 8 million are estimated to have had a stroke. Cutting salt consumption can reduce these risks, the CDC said.

　　31. Too much salt raises ones risk for _________.

　　A. strokes

　　B. heart attacks

　　C. high blood pressure

　　D. all of the above

　　32. The recommended sodium intake for most U. S. adults is ________.

　　A. closer t0 3,500 mg per day

　　B. as much as 3,436 mg per day

　　C. no more than l,500 mg per day

　　D. less than 3,500 mg per day

　　33. A heart-healthy diet is one that contains ________.

　　A. a low level of sodium

　　B. a lot of potassium and calcium

　　C. no salt at all

　　D. both A and B

　　34. Nearly 70 percent of U. S. adults are in high-risk groups,________.

　　A. for they are inactive

　　B. for they are black or over the age of 40

　　C. for they frequently eat out

　　D. for they consume sodium every day

　　35. Packaged, processed and restaurant foods are known to be

　　A. good in taste

　　B. low in price

　　C. poor in nutrition

　　D. high in salt

　　第二篇

　　Sino-Japan Animosity (敌意) Lessens

　 　Chinese and Japanese people view each other slightly more positively than last year, according to a survey released on Wednesday at a press conference in Beijing.

　　The survey is jointly sponsored by China Daily and Genron NPO (非营利性的组织 ) , a Japanese think tank similar to the American Council on Foreign Relations. It also found overwhelming; a greement in both countries that Sino-Japanese relations were important

　 　The survey is a pan of the Beijing-Tokyo Forum, an annual gathering of senior govemment officials and representatives from Chinese and Japanese NGOs(非政府组织) designed to improve communication and understanding between the two countries.

　　Conducted every year for five years now, the survey focused on two different groups of people:ordinary citizens, and intellectuals. In China, the intellectual group was comprised mainly of university students from well-known schools like Peking University. In Japan, the intellectual group was mainly made up of previous members of Genron NPO.

　　Among ordinary Chinese polled, 35. 7 percent said they have very good or relatively good impressions of Japan, a 5. 5-percentage-point increase compared with last year. 45. 2 percent of Chinese students had a positive impression of Japan, two percentage points more than last year. Only 26. 6 percent of Japanese have a positive impression of China, however.

　　Still, an overwhelming majority of the respondents from each country said Sino-Japanese relations were important and wanted their leaders to deepen talks and cooperation with each other.

　　But 51. 9 percent of ordinary people and 42. 4 percent of students in China said they saw no change in relations between the two countries over the last year. In Japan, 64. 8 percent of those ordinary people and 53.4 percent of intellectuals surveyed shared the view that there was no improvement in bilateral ties this year.

　　Historical issues and territorial disputes remain two major obstacles to improving bilateral relations, the survey found. What concems the Chinese most are historical issues, visits by Japanese officials to Yasukuni Shrine(靖国神社) , and the Nanjing Massacre(大屠杀) .

　　Perceptions on economic and trade relations have improved, though. About 47 percent of ordinary Japanese said China had been helpful this year in fighting the global economic crisis, compared with just 30 percent last year. The percent of Japanese intellectuals who said Chinese economic growth was good for Japan increased from 65. 8 percent to 81.4 percent this year.

　　 Cooperation in East Asian issues, trade and investment, energy, and the environment and climate change top the list of common concerns that people in China and Japan want their leaders to talk about in bilateral(双边的) meetings, the survey found.

　　Civil exchanges were regarded by the most people from the both countries as an important way to improve relations. 90. 7 percent of the students and 85. 7 percent of the ordinary people in China and 95. 8% of intellectuals and 74. 8% of the ordinary people in Japan viewed civil exchanges as important or relatively important .

　　Chinese and Japanese both learn about each others countries mostly through television news and newspapers, the survey found.

　　36. Which of the following statements about the survey is true?

　　A. The survey was conducted on Wednesday at a press conference in Beijing.

　　B. The survey is jointly sponsored by China Daily, Genron NPO and the American Council on Foreign Relations.

　 　C. The survey found that people in both China and Japan generally agree that the relationship between the two countries is important.

　　D. The survey mainly focused on two different groups of people: ordinary citizens, and the university students.

　　37. According to the passage, the Beijing-Tokyo Forum .

　　A. is held every year in Beijing

　　B. aims at promoting communication between the two countries

　　C. mainly attracts representatives from the governments of the two countries

　　D. releases a survey on Sino-Japanese relation every five years

　　38. In the last year,_______% of ordinary Chinese and_______% of Chinese students have a positive impression of Japan.

　　A. 35.7; 45.2

　　B. 51.9; 42.4

　　C. 5.5; 26.6

　　D. 30.2; 43.2

　　39. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the major obstacles to improving bilateral ties?

　　A. Territorial disputes.

　　B. Trade frictions.

　　C. Visits by Japanese officials to Yasukuni Shrine.

　　D. The Nanjing Massacre.

　　40. The survey found that ________.

　　A. most Japanese had good or relatively good impressions of China

　 　B. the bilateral relationship was perceived as being improved over last year by the majority of respondents from the both countries

　　C. an overwhelming majority of the respondents from each country believed that the Civil exchanges were an important way to improve relations

　 　D. the territorial issue ranked among the top list of common concems that people in both coun tries want their leaders to talk about in bilateral meetings

　　第三篇

　　Holding on to hope may not make patients happier as they deal with chronic illness or diseases, according to a new study by University of Michigan Health System researchers.

　　 Hope is an important part of happiness, said Peter A. Ubel M. D. , director of the U-M Center for Behavioral and Decision Sciences in Medicine and one of the authors of the happily hopeless study, but theres a dark side of hope. Sometimes, if hope makes people put off getting on with their life, it can get in the way of happiness.

　　The results showed that people do not adapt well to situations if they are believed to be shortterm. Ubel and his co-authors-both from U-M and Carnegie Mellon University-studied patients who had new colostomies: their colons were removed and they had to have bowel movements in a pouch that lies outside their body.

　　At the time they received their colostomy, some patients were told that the colostomy was reversible-that they would undergo a second operation to reconnect their bowels after several months. Others were told that the colostomy was permanent and that they would never have normal bowel function again. The second group-the one without hope-reported being happier over the next six months than those with reversible colostomies.

　　 We think they were happier because they got on with their lives. They realized the cards they were dealt, and recognized that they had no choice but to play with those cards, says Ubel, who is also a professor in the Department of Internal Medicine.

　　The other group was waiting for their colostomy to be reversed, he added. They contrastedtheir current life with the life they hoped to lead, and didnt make the best of their current situation.

　　 Hopeful messages may not be in the best interests of the patient and may interfere with the patients emotional adaptation, Ubel says. I dont think we should take hope away. But I think we have to be careful about building up peoples hope so much that they put off living their lives.

　　41 Chronically ill patients may be happier ________.

　　A. if they keep thinking of their past

　　B. if they believe theyll recover

　　C. if they put off moving on

　　D. if they manage to get on with their life

　　42 What had happened to the patients under study?

　　A. They had just survived an accident.

　　B. They had just had an operation.

　　C. They had just injured their colons.

　　D. They had just made some pouches.

　　43 One group of the patients was happier because ________.

　　A. they made the best of their current situation

　　B. they were good at playing function

　　C. they regarded normal bowel function

　　D. they were promised another operation

　　44 The other group was not as happy because ________.

　　A. they accepted their current situation

　　B. they were anxious to get better

　　C. they missed their previous life

　　D. they refused to play cards

　　45 What could be the message of the passage?

　　A. Giving up hope means giving up happiness.

　　B. Letting go of hope is at times a better choice.

　　C. Hope is what makes people move on.

　　D. Hope frequently gets in the way of happiness.