2013年职称英语考试《卫生类B级》考试真题

第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1、Come out．or Ill bust the door down．

A．shut

B．set

C．break

D．beat

2、 The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town．

A．naked

B．cautious

C．blind

D．private

3、 The rules are too rigid to allow for human error．

A．general

B．complex

C．direct

D．inflexible

4、 It seemed incredible that he had been there a week already．

A．right

B．unbelievable

C．obvious

D．unclear

5、 These animals migrate south annually in search of food．

A．explore

B．travel

C．inlaid

D．prefer

6、 Rumors began to circulate,about his financial problems．

A．spread

B．send

C．hear

D．confirm

7、 She came across three children sleeping under a bridge．

A．passed by

B．took a notice of

C．woke up

D．found by chance

8、 I have little information as regards her fitness for the post．

A．at

B．with

C．about

D．from

9、 As a politician，he knows how to manipulate public opinion．

A．influence

B．express

C．divide

D．voice

10、 He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company．

A．taught

B．attracted

C．kept

D．changed

11、 He paused，waiting for her to digest the information．

A．understand

B．withhold

C．exchange

D．contact

12、 Make sure the table is securely anchored．

A．repaired

B．cleared

C．booked

D．fixed

13、 She gets aggressive when she is drunk.

A．worried

B．sleepy

C．offensive

D．anxious

14、 There was something peculiar in the way the smiles.

A．strange

B．different

C．wrong

D．funny

15、 The contract between the two companies will expire soon

A．shorten

B．start

C．resume

D．end

第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分) 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

16、

Promising Results from Cancer Study

　 A new experimental vaccine(疫苗)has shown promising results in the fight against lung cancer．In a small Texas-based study，a vaccine developed by scientists at Baylor University Medical Centre in Dallas，USA，cured lung cancer in some patients and slowed the progress of the disease in others．

　 Researchers have reported encouraging findings from this small study．Forty-three patients suffering from lung cancer were involved in these trials．Ten of these patients were in the early stages and thirtythree in the advanced stages of the disease．They were injected with me Vaccine every two weeks for three months，and were carefully monitored for three years.In three of the patients in me advanced stages of cancer，the disease disappeared and in the others，it did not spread for five to twentyfour months．However，no great difference was seen in the patients in the early stages of the illness．

　 This new vaccine uses the patientsown immune、system．It is made specifically for each patient and is injected into the arm or leg．It stimulates the bodys immune system，which then recognizes that the cancer cells are harmful，and attacks and destroys them.

　 The vaccine could be effective against other forms of cancer．It offers great hope for the treatment of cancer in general，although further studies are needed before such treatment can be widely used．

根据以上内容，回答16-22题。

The vaccine cured all the participants in the trial．

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

17、 Over forty people participated in the study．

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

18、 Patients in the early stages of the disease recovered more quickly in the trial．

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

19、 All the patients were from Dallas．

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

20、 Every patient was injected with the same vaccine．

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

21、 The vaccine activates the immune system．

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

22、 The vaccine may be useful for treating other cancers．

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

第3部分：概括大意和完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分) 下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择个小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

23、

Organic Food：Why?

　 1．Europe is now the biggest market for organic food in the world，expanding by 25 percent a year over the past lo years．So what is the attraction of organic food for some people? The really important thing is that organic sounds morenaturaleating organic is a way of defining oneself as natural，good，caring，different from the junkfoodeating masses．

　 2．Unlike conventional farming，the organic approach means farming with natural rather than man-made，fertilizers and pesticides．Techniques such as crop rotation(轮种)improve soil quality and help organic farmers compensate for the absence of manmade chemicals．As a method of food production organic is，however，inefficient in its use of labor and land：there are severe limits to how much food Call be produced．Also，the environmental benefits of not using artificial fertilizers are tiny compared with the amount of carbon dioxide emitted(排放)by transporting food．

　 3．Organic fanning is often claimed to be safer than conventional farming．Yet studies into organic farming worldwide continue to reject this claim．An extensive review by the UK Food Standards Agency found that there was no statistically significant difference between organic and conventional crops．Even where results indicated there was evidence of a difference，the reviewers found no sign that these differences would have any noticeable effect on health．

　 4．The simplistic claim that organic food is more nutritious than conventional food was always likely to be misleading．Food is a natural product，and the health value of different foods will Vary for a number of reasons including freshness，the way the food is cooked，the type of soil it is grown in the amount of sunlight and rain crops have received，and so on．Likewise． the flavor of a carrot has less to do with whether it was fertilized with manure(粪便)or something out of a plastic sack than with the variety of carrot and how long ago it was dug up．

　 5．Then notion that organic food is safer thannormalfood is also contradicted by the fact that many of our most common foods are full of natural toxins(毒素)．As one research expert says：People mink that the more natural something is．the better it is for them．That is simply not the case．In fact，it is the opposite that is true：the closer a plant is to its natural state，the more likely it is that it will poison you．Naturally，many plants do not want to be eaten，so we have spent 10，000 years developing agriculture and breeding out harmful traits from crops．

根据以上内容，回答23-30题。

Paragraph 1__________

A．Main reason for the popularity of organic food

B．Description of organic farming

C．Factors that affect food health value

D．Testing the taste of organic food

E．Necessity to remove hidden dangers from food

F．Research into whether organic food is better

24、Paragraph 2__________

A．Main reason for the popularity of organic food

B．Description of organic farming

C．Factors that affect food health value

D．Testing the taste of organic food

E．Necessity to remove hidden dangers from food

F．Research into whether organic food is better

25、Paragraph 3__________

A．Main reason for the popularity of organic food

B．Description of organic farming

C．Factors that affect food health value

D．Testing the taste of organic food

E．Necessity to remove hidden dangers from food

F．Research into whether organic food is better

26、Paragraph 4__________

A．Main reason for the popularity of organic food

B．Description of organic farming

C．Factors that affect food health value

D．Testing the taste of organic food

E．Necessity to remove hidden dangers from food

F．Research into whether organic food is better

27、Techniques of organic farming help__________．

A．show that organic crops are safer than conventional ones

B．be specially trained

C．improve soil quality

D．poison you

E．be eaten

F．affect their nutritional content

28、There is no convincing evidence to__________

A．show that organic crops are safer than conventional ones

B．be specially trained

C．improve soil quality

D．poison you

E．be eaten

F．affect their nutritional content

29、The weather conditions during the growth of crops__________ ．

A．show that organic crops are safer than conventional ones

B．be specially trained

C．improve soil quality

D．poison you

E．be eaten

F．affect their nutritional content

30、The closer a plant is to its natural state；the less suitable it is to__________．

A．show that organic crops are safer than conventional ones

B．be specially trained

C．improve soil quality

D．poison you

E．be eaten

F．affect their nutritional content

第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

31、

On the Trial of the Honey Badger

On a recent field trip to the Kalahari Desert，a team of researchers learnt a lot more about honey badgers(獾)．The team employed a local wildlife expert，Kitso Khama，to help them locate and follow the badgers across the desert．Their main aim was to study the badgersmovements and behavior as discreetly(谨慎地)as possible frightening them away or causing them to change their natural behavior．They also planned to trap a few and study them close up before releasing them in view of the animals reputation，this was something that even Khama was reluctant to do．

The problem with honey badgers is they are naturally curious animals，especially when they see something new．He says．That，combined with their unpredictable nature，can be a dangerous mixture．If they sense you have food，for example，they wont be shy about coming right up to you for something to eat．Theyre actually quite sociable creatures around humans，but as soon as they feel they might be in danger，they can become extremely vicious(凶恶的)．Fortunately this is rare，but it does happen．

The research confirmed many things that were already known．As expected，honey badgers ate any creatures they could catch and kill．Even poisonous snakes，feared and avoided by most other animals，were not safe from them．The researchers were surprised，however，by the animals fondness for local melons，probably because of their high water content．Previously researchers thought that the animal got all of its liquid requirements from its prey(猎物)．The team also learnt that，contrary to previous research findings，the badgers occasionally formed loose family groups．They were also able to confirm certain results from previous research，including the fact that female badgers never socialized with each other．

Following some of the male badgers was a challenge，since they can cover large distances in a short space of time．Some hunting territories cover more than 500 square kilometers．

Although they seem happy to share these territories with other males，there are occasional fights over an important food source，and male badgers can be as aggressive towards each other as they are towards other species．

As me badgers became accustomed to the presence of people．it gave the team the to get up close to them without being the subject of the animalscuriosityor a sudden aggression．The badgerseating patterns，which had been disrupted，to normal,It also allowed the team to observe more closely some of the other that form working associations with the honey badger，as these seemed to badgersrelaxed attitude when near humans．

根据以上内容，回答31-45题。

Why did the wild life experts visit the Kalahari Desert?

A．To find where honey badgers live．

B．To observe how honey badgers behave．

C．To catch some honey badgers for food．

D．To find out why honey badgers have a bad reputation．

32、 What does Kitso Khama say about honey badgers?

A．They show interest in things they are not familiar with．

B．They are always looking for food。

C．They do not enjoy human company．

D．It is common for them to attack people．

33、 What did the team find out about honey badgers?

A．There were some creatures they did not eat．

B．They were afraid of poisonous creatures．

C．They may get some of the water they needed from fruit．

D．Female badgers did not mix with male badgers．

34、 Which of the following is a typical feature of male badgers?

A．They dont run very quickly．

B．They hunt over a very large area．

C．They defend their territory from other badgers．

D．They are more aggressive than females．

35、 What happened when honey badgers got used to humans around them?

A．They became less aggressive towards other creatures．

B．They started eating more．

C．Other animals started working with them.

D．They lost interest in people．

36、

Dont Drink AloneGets New Meaning

In what may be bad news for bars and pubs，a European research group has found that people drinking alcohol outside of meals have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck than do those taking their libations with food．Luigino Dal Maso and his colleagues studied the drinking patterns of 1，500 patients from four cancer studies and another 3，500 adults who had never had cancer．

After the researchers accounted for the amount of alcohol consumed，they found that individuals who downed a significant share of their alcohol outside of meals faced at least a 50 to 80 percent risk of cancer in the oral cavity，pharynx，and esophagus，when compared with people who drank only at meals．Consuming alcohol without food also increased by at least 20 percent the likelihood of laryngeal cancer．Roughly 95 percent of cancers at these four sites raced to smoking or drinking by the study volunteers，Dal Maso says．The discouraging news，his team reports，is that drinking with meals didnt eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites．

For their new analysis，the European scientists divided people in the study into four groups，based on how many drinks they reported having in an average week．The lowestintake group included people who averaged up to 20 drinks a week．The highest group reported downing at least 56 servings of alcohol weekly for all average of eight or more per day．Cancer risks for the mouth and neck sites rose steadily with consumption even for people who reported drinking only with meals．For instance，compared with people in the lowestconsumption group，participants　who drank 21 to 34 alcohol servings a week at least doubled their cancer risk for all sites other than the larynx．If people in these consumption groups took some of those drinks outside meals，those in the higher consumption group at least quadrupled their risk for oral cavity and esophageal cancers．

People in the highestconsumption group who drank only with meals had lo times the risk of oral cancer，7 times the risk of pharyngeal cancer，and 16 times the risk of esophageal cancer compared with those who averaged 20 0r fewer drinks a week with meals．In contrast，laryngeal cancer risk in the highintake，with-meals-only group was only triple that in the low．intake consumers who drank with meals．

Alcohol can inflame tissues．Over time，that inflammation can trigger cancer．Dal Maso says.He suspects that food reduced cancer risk either by partially coating digestivetract tissues or by scrubbing alcohol off those tissues．He speculates that the reason laryngeal risks were dramatically lower for all study participants traces to the tissues lower exposure to alcohol．

根据以上内容，回答36-50题。

Who are more likely to develop cancer in the mouth and neck?

A．People who d rink alcohol outside of meals．

B．People who drink alcohol at meals．

C．People who never d rink alcohol．

D．People who d rink alcohol only at bars and pubs．

37、 Which of the following is NOT a research finding aboutdrinking with meals?

A．It lowers cancer risk compared with drinking without food

B．It increases by 20 percent the risk Of cancer in all the four sites．

C．It may be a cause of cancer.

D．It does not eliminate cancer risk at any of the four sites．

38、 How many drinks do the lowestintake group average per week?

A．21．

B．20．

C．34．

D．56．

39、 Which Of the four cancers has the lowest risk?

A．Oral cancer．

B．Pharyngeal cancer．

C．Laryngeal cancer．

D．Esophageal Cancer．

40、 According to the last paragraph，tissueslower exposure to alcohol_______.

A．reduces the risk of laryngeal dancer

B．explains why Inflammation triggers cancer

C．accounts for why food can cover digestivetract tissues

D．is the reason why food can take alcohol off them

41、

The Worlds BestSelling Medicine

Since ancient times，people all over the world have used willow to stop pain．The willow tree contains salicylic acid(水杨酸)．This stops pain．but there is one problem．Salicylic acid also hurts the stomach．In 1853，a French scientist made a mixture from willow that did not hurt the stomach．However，his mixture was difficult to make，and he did not try to produce or sell it.

In 1897，in Germany，Felix Hoffmann also made a mixture with salicylic acid．He tried it himself first and then gave it to his father because his father was old and in a lot of pain．His fathers pain went away，and the mixture did not hurt his stomach．

Hoffmann worked for Bayer，a German company．He showed his new drug to his manager，who tested the drug and found that it worked well．Bayer decided to make the drug．

They called it aspirin and put the Bayer name on every pill．

Aspirin was all immediate Success．Almost everyone has pain of some kind，so aspirin answered a true need．Aspirin was cheap，easy to take，and effective．It also lowered fevers．

Aspirin was a wonder drug．

At first，Bayer sold the drug through doctors，who then sold it to their patients．In i915，the company started to sell aspirin in drugstores．In the United States，Bayer had a patent(专利权)on the drug．Other companies could make similar products and sell them in other countries． but only Bayer could make and sell aspirin in the United States．In time，Bayer could no longer own the name aspirin in the United States．Other companies could make it,there，too．However，Bayer aspirin was the most wellknown，and for many years，it was the market leader．

By the 1950s，new painkillers were on the market．Aspirin was no longer the only way to treat pain and reduce fever．Bayer and other companies looked for other drugs to make．

However，in the 1970s they got a surprise．Doctors noticed that patients who were taking aspirin had fewer heart attacks than other people．A British researcher named John Vane found the reason aspirin helped to prevent heart attacks．In 1982，he won the Nobel prize for his research． Doctors started to tell some of their patients to take aspirin every day to prevent heart attacks．It has made life better for the many people who take it．It has also made a lot of money for companies like Bayer that produce and sell it!

根据以上内容，回答41-55题。

Why didnt the French scientist continue to make the medicine that stopped pain?

A．It didnt work well．

B．It was hard to make．

C．It hurt the stomach．

D．It was riot cost-effective．

42、 Why Was Felix Hoffmann looking for a painkiller?

A．His company told him to do that．

B．His father was In pain．

C．He wanted to make a lot of money．

D．He suffered from headache．

43、 Bayer started making aspirin because__________．

A．it helped prevent heart attacks

B．other companies were making it

C．it worked well in stopping pain

D．the manager was a scientist

44、 Bayer aspirin was________．

A．the only d rug with the nameaspirin

B．the first aspirin sold in the United States

C．not sold in drugstores in 1915

D．not easy to find in drugstores

45、 What has happened to aspirin since new painkillers came on the market?

A．Companies have stopped selling it

B．It has become the best-selling painkiller．

C．Its new use has been discovered

D．Doctors have sold it to patients.

第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分) 下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。

46、

The Tough Grass that Sweetens Our Lives

Sugar cane was once a wild grass that grew in New Guinea and was used by local people for roofing their houses and fencing their gardens．Gradually a different variety evolved which contained sucrose(蔗糖)and was chewed on for its sweet taste．Over time，sugar cane ecame a highly valuable commercial plant，grown throughout the world．(46)

Sugar became a vital ingredient in all kinds of things，from confectionery(糖果点心)to medicine．and，as the demand for sugar grew，the industry became larger and more profitable. (47) Many crops withered(枯萎)and died，despite growersattempts to save them，and there were fears that the health of the plant would continue to deteriorate.

In the l960s，scientists working in Barbodos looked for ways to make the commercial species stronger and more able to resist disease．They experimented with breeding programmes，mixing genes from the more delicate，commercial type． (48) This sugar cane is not yet ready to be sold commercially，but when this happens，it is expected to be incredible profitable for the industry．

(49)Brazil，which produces one quarter of the worlds sugar，has coordinated all international project under Professor Paulo Arrudo of the Universidade Estaudual de Campinas in Sao Paulo．Teams of experts have worked with him to discover more about which parts of the genetic structure of the plant are important for the production of sugar and its overall health.

Despite all the research，however，we still do not fully understand how the genes in sugar cane．(50) This gene is particularly exciting because it makes the plant resistant to rust，a disease which probably originated in India，but is IIOW capable of infecting sugar cane across the world.Scientist believes they will eventually be able to grow a plant which cannot be destroyed by rust．

A．Eventually，a commercial plant was developed which was 5 percent sweeter than before,but also much stronger and less likely to die from disease．

B．One major gene has been identified by Dr．Angelique DHont and her team in Montpelier，France．

C．Sugar cane is now much more vigorous and the supply of sugar is therefore moreguaranteed．

D．Since the 1960s，scientists have been analyzing the mysteries of the sugar canes genetic code．

E．The majority of the worlds sugar now comes from this particular commercial species．

F．Unfortunately，however，the plant started to become weaker and more prone to disease．

根据以上内容，回答46-50题。

__________.

47、 __________.

48、 __________.

49、 __________.

50、 __________.

第6部分：完形填空(第52～65题，每题1分，共15分) 下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

51、

Exercise

Whether or not exercise adds to the length of life，it is common experience that a certain amount of regular exercise______(51)health and contributes a feeling of well-being．

Furthermore，exercise______(52)involves play and recreation(娱乐)，and relieves nervous tension and mental fatigue in So_____(53)，is not only pleasant but beneficial．

How much and what kind of exercise one should____(54)merits careful consideration． The growing child and the normal young man and young woman thrill(兴奋)with the exhilaration of strenuous sports．They fatigue to the____ (55)of exhaustion but recover promptly with a period of rest．But not so with those off middle age and beyond．For them moderation is(56)vital importance．

Just how much exercise a person of a given age can safely take is a question hard to____(57)．Individual variability is too great to permit generalization．A game of tennis may be perfectly safe for one person of forty but folly(愚蠢)for another．The safe______(58)for exercise depends on the condition of the heart，the condition of the muscles，the______(59)of exercise，and the regularity with which it is taken．Two general suggestions，however，will____(60)as sound advice for anyone．The first is that the____(61)of the heart and general health should be determined periodically by careful，thorough physical examinations． The other is that exercise should be kept____(62)the point of physical exhaustion．

What type of exercise one should____(63)depends upon ones physical condition． Young people Can safely enjoy competitive sports，but most older persons do better to limit themselves to less strenuous____(64)．Walking，swimming and skating are among the spots that one Can enjoy and safely____(65) in throughout life．Regularity is important if one is to get the most enjoyment and benefit out of exercise．

根据以上内容，回答51-65题。

A．improves

B．damages

C．enjoys

D．provides

52、

A．where

B．which

C．when

D．why

53、

A．playing

B．doing

C．making

D．treating

54、

A．develop

B．take

C．go

D．use

55、

A．place

B．position

C．part

D．point

56、

A．to

B．of

C．below

D．on

57、

A．raise

B．beg

C．answer

D．discuss

58、

A．approach

B．limit

C．distance

D．period

59、

A．type

B．variation

C．method

D．process

60、

A．serve

B．refer

C．regard

D．treat

61、

A．size

B．shape

C．attack

D．condition

62、

A．above

B．against

C．beside

D．below

63、

A．endure

B．study

C．choose

D．produce

64、

A．efforts

B．jobs

C．lives

D．activities

65、

A．compete

B．get

C．give

D．participate