8种信函写作要点大总结
1.信的基本类型
英文书信主要分为两大类:私人信函和公务信函。私人信函是指与朋友、家人之间的往来书信,其内容比较自由,只需要包括以下几个部分即可:日期、称呼、正文、落款。公务信函类型多样,应用范围非常广泛,属正式文体,包括求职信、辞职信、拒聘信、询问信、复询信、留学和奖学金申请信、投诉信、答复赔偿信等。此类信件的共同特点是:1.内容明确,不可漫无目标;2.措辞诚恳,坦然,不能感情夸张;3.语言清晰、简洁、有礼。从形式上看应该侧重考查公务信函,因为只有此类信函才需用到书面语的正式语体。
2.各类信函的内容要点
以下主要针对公务信函,介绍几种常见信函的基本特点。对于其他不同功能的信件,考生可以根据本书的介绍做到举一反三。在备考阶段,考生应熟悉各类信函的书写模式及常用话语并加强练习。
求职信
通常包含三个部分:a)引言部分写明写信原因、具体谋求的职位、获得申请信息的来源等。b)发展部分叙述自己能够胜任该职位所具备的条件,包括教育背景、工作经历、社会实践等。这部分内容要具体,不要空洞游说或者列举,用事实说服会更有力。C)结尾部分再次表达对职位的渴望,争取面试机会。如请求及时回信、希望当面洽谈、提供进一步接触的联系方式或指出附件中有相关的证明文件等。
求职信的语言应严谨、规范、得体。其常用套语有:
引言:I am writing to apply for the post of... advertised in...
In answer to your advertisement in... for the post of... , I would like to apply for...
I have learned from... of your opening/vacancy for... , and am therefore writing to apply for the post.
发展:I am now a senior student in of , and I expect to graduate in with a degree in .
I receive my in from in .
Since graduation, I have been working with as
I was awarded the prize of in for
I am confident that my academic training has prepared me to handle the job.
结尾:Enclosed are testimonials from my university teacher and my present employer.
If these meet your requirements, please grant me an interview.
辞职信
正式的辞职信应具备以下要素: a)受理者恰当的称呼; b)辞职决定及其理由; c)缓和气氛的语句,如对原单位所给予工作机会以及提供的工作经历表示感谢,对因自己辞职而给对方带来的不便表示歉意,表达对原单位的良好祝愿等等。
需要注意的是:避免负面评论。不论什么原因,不要对你的公司政策、老板、管理人员、同事做任何负面评价。
常用套语如下:
称呼:Dear Mr. Smith
投诉信
投投诉信是因为对服务、商品等不满而向诸如商店、厂家、消费者协会等相关负责机构写的信件。写此类信件时候,应注意写信的目的不仅仅是表示不满,更重要的是让对方了解并解决你所遇到的问题。因此投诉信的内容可包括:
1)反映问题。比如应具体说明什么质量问题,并提供确切的发票,问题的内容要明确而具体。
2)说明由此问题所带来的不便、比如时间或精神上的损失等,内容要实事求是。
3)提出解决方案,赔偿方法和方式等,所提出的要求要合理。
4)结尾既要提出希望,比如要求对方尽快解决问题,同时又要为对方做出的努力表示感谢,这样对方才可能以积极的态度处理并解决你的问题。
投诉信的语气要坚决,但注意礼貌用词,不宜过分尖锐,叙述问题时用过去时态。其常用套语有:
引言:I am returning... which I bought from your store in... .
I must complain about...
发展:This has put us to great inconvenience.
Therefore, I am returning... and would greatly appreciate if you could replace it.
结尾:We hope that you will understand our expectation of the compensation for our damaged goods.
I would be grateful if this matter would have your immediate attention.
Having been given your excellent reputation, I am sure you will do everything possible to...
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