考研英语作文之美文范例在美国的革命

　　TheRevolution in American

　　HigherEducation To produce the upheaval in the United States that changed andmodernized the domain of higher education from the mid 1860s to themid 1880s, three primary causes interacted. The emergence of ahalf dozen leaders in education provided the personal force that was needed. Moreover, an outcry for a fresher, more practical, and more advanced kind ofinstruction arose among the alumni and friends of nearly all of the oldcolleges and grew into a movement that overrode all conservativeopposition. The aggressive Young Yale movement appeared, demanding partial alumni control, a more liberal spirit, anda broader course of study. The graduates of Harvard collegesimultaneously rallied to relieve the colleges poverty and demand newenterprise. Education was pushing toward higher standards in the East bythrowing off church leadership everywhere, and in the West by finding a widerrange of studies and a new sense of public duty. The old style classical education received its most crushing blow in the citadel ofHarvard College, where Dr. Charles Eliot, a young captain ofthirty five, son of a former treasurer of Harvard, led theprogressive forces. Five revolutionary advances were made during the firstyears of Dr. Eliots administration. They were the elevation and amplificationof entrance requirements, the enlargement of the curriculumand the development of the elective system, the recognitionof graduate study in the liberal arts, the raising of professional training inlaw, medicine, and engineering to a postgraduate level, and thefostering of greater maturity in students life. Standards of admissionwere sharply advanced in 1872-1873 and 1876-1877. By the appointment of a dean to take charge of student affairs, and a wise handling of discipline, the undergraduates were led to regard themselves more asyoung gentlemen and less as young animals. One new course of study afteranother was opened up - science, music, the history of the fine arts, advancedSpanish, political economy, physics, classical philology, and internationallaw.

　　全文翻译：美国高等教育的革命从 19 世纪 60 年代中期到 19 世纪 80 年代中期，改变了美国高等教 育并使其现代化的激变有三个互相作用的因素。六位教育界领导者的出现保证了所需的人 力因素。除此之外，要求更新、更实用、更高层次的教育呼声在几乎所有老式学院的校友和朋友间升起并发展成压倒所有保守派的一场运动。咄咄逼人的青年耶鲁运动出现了， 要求校友具有部分控制，更自由的精神和更广的选课范围。哈佛学院的毕业生同时团结起来 缓解学校的贫困状况并要求新的事业。在东部地区的高等学府抛弃了教堂的领导，西部地 区的学校则扩大了学习范围，树立了一种新的社会责任感，由此教育不断地被推向更高的标准。在哈佛学院的城堡里，旧式的经典教育受到了最毁灭性的打击。哈佛以前一个财政主 管的儿子，35 岁的年轻领袖查尔斯艾略特博士，领导了进步的力量。

　　在他管理学院的第 一年取得了五个革命性的进展。那就是提高和加强入学要求，扩充课程和发展选修课，承认大学文科的研究生学习，将法学、医学和工程学的职业训练提高到研究生水平和促进学生生活的成熟。入学标准在 1872～1873 年及 1876年～1877 年急剧提高。由于采用了学生 事务院长负责制和明智的处理纪律的手段，大学生把自己更多地看作是年轻的绅士，而不是 年轻的动物。学校开设了一个又一个的新课程--自然科学、音乐、美术史、高级西班牙语、 政治经济学、物理、古典语言学和国际法。