A folk culture is a small isolated, cohesive, conservative, nearly self- sufficient group that is homogeneous in custom and race with a strong family or clan structure and highly developed rituals. Order is maintained through sanctions based in the religion or family and interpersonal. Relationships are strong. Tradition is paramount, and change comes infrequently and slowly. There is relatively little division of labor into specialized duties. Rather, each person is expected to perform a great variety of tasks, though duties may differ between the sexes. Most goods are handmade and subsistence economy prevails. Individualism is weakly developed in folk cultures as are social classes. Unaltered folk cultures no longer exist in industrialized countries such as the United States and Canada. Perhaps the nearest modern equivalent in Anglo America is the Amish, a German American farming sect that largely renounces the products and labor saving devices of the industrial age. In Amish areas, horse drawn buggies still serve as a local transportation device and the faithful are not permitted to own automobiles. The Amishs central religious concept of Demut humility, clearly reflects the weakness of individualism and social class so typical of folk cultures and there is a corresponding strength of Amish group identity. Rarely do the Amish marry outside their sect. The religion, a variety of the Mennonite faith, provides the principal mechanism for maintaining order.
By contrast a popular culture is a large heterogeneous group often highly individualistic and a pronounced many specialized professions. Secular institutions of control such as the police and army take the place of religion and family in maintaining order, and a money-based economy prevails. Because of these contrasts, popular may be viewed as clearly different from folk. The popular is replacing the folk in industrialized countries and in many developing nations. Folk-made objects give way to their popular equivalent, usually because the popular item is more quickly or cheaply produced, is easier or time saving to use or leads more prestige to the owner.
美文阅读:青春物语
精选英语散文欣赏:月亮和井
精美散文:我就是我
双语美文:I Wish I Could believe
献给女性:如果生命可以重来
浪漫英文情书精选:True Love Of My Life我的真爱
精美散文:27岁的人生
精选英语美文阅读:爱他就把他留下来 (双语)
精选英语美文阅读:这些美好不会消逝
浪漫英文情书精选:To Prince Perfect献给心中的王子
双语散文:桐花半亩 静销一庭愁雨
浪漫英文情书精选:Is It Love?这是爱么?
浪漫英文情书精选:The Warmth Of Your Love爱的温暖
浪漫英文情书精选:Starting Over Again重新来过
精选英文情诗:请允许我成为你的夏季
英文《小王子》温情语录
精选英语美文阅读:A Friend's Prayer 朋友的祈祷
精选英语美文阅读:初吻 The First Kiss (双语)
浪漫英文情书精选:My Love Will Reach Any Distance爱无边
精选英语美文阅读:朋友的祈祷
精选英语美文阅读:公务员的无助
精选英语美文阅读:如何拥有幸福的婚姻
精选英语散文欣赏:爱的限度就是无限度地去爱
双语散文: Optimism and Pessimistic
精选英语美文阅读:十字路口的抉择
浪漫英文情书精选:To Be Close To You Again再次靠近你
精选英语美文阅读:在你的镜头前,我总是很美
2011年商务英语BEC初级口语词汇详解(29)
精选英语美文阅读:人生若只如初见
诗歌:永远向前(双语)
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |