9.1叙述法
叙述法(narration)回答了发生了什么(what happened)这一问题。叙述经常用于讲述一系列事件。这种方法常用作小说(fiction)、传记(biographs)的支配方法,也可用作其他各种文体的辅助方法。例如,轶事(anecdotes)、寓言(fables)等都是用叙述形式阐述某一观点。
示范段落9-1
I was seven years old when I first became aware of the terrible power of guilt.For piling our toys into the toy box,Mother had rewarded my brother and me with five shiny pennies each.If I had ten pennies instead of just five,I could have bought a ginger bread man with raisin eyes and sugar-frosted hair.The image danced in my head all day,until,finally,I crept into my brothers room and stole his five pennies.The next morning,as my brother and I were dressing to go to school,I had all ten pennies in the pocket of my coat,cramming one of my fathers handkerchiefs on top of them.As my brother and I lined up in front of Mother to be kissed goodbye,she looked at my bulging pocket with amazement.What on earth do you have in your pocket?she asked.Its nothing,I said,as offhandedly as I could.Its nothing at all.Bewildered,but toobusy to investigate any further,Mother kissed me goodbye I ran out the door and down our gravel path as fast as my feet could carry me.But the farther from home I got,the more miserable I became.The shiny pennies in my pocket felt oppressively like one-ton boulders.And I was haunted by the idea that I had become a thief.Forgotten was the gingerbread man,for whose sake I had stolen my brothers pennies Finally,unable to bear my horrible feeling of guilt,I ran back home to blurt out my crime to my mother.
9.2示范段落分析
在上面段落中,作者在主题句中阐述了他的观点:I was seven years old when I first became aware of the terrible power of guilt.然后用一件轶事作为支持这一观点的细节,叙述发生了什么事,并说明了他的观点。
9.3关于如何写叙述段落的建议
1)只着重叙述有意义的事件和经历
尽量避免日常琐事和无聊事,只使用那些有助于阐明你的观点的事件和经历。
2)保持始终如一的着眼点
不管叙述是以第一人称或第三人称进行,都要尽量使语言从叙述者的着眼点(point of view)反映叙述者的见解和意向。
3)运用细节
写叙述段落时要运用细节,使人物栩栩如生,并在读者的想象中唤起事件发生的那种环境气氛。在描绘人物时也使用细节,使人物血肉丰满,形象生动。
4)使用时间顺序
叙述几乎总是使用时间顺序法来组织细节。(第12单元将讨论时间顺序法)
Exercise 9-1
Directions:Write a paragraph of narration using the given topic sentence.
Not knowing a language well can sometimes be embarrassing.
________________________________________
Exercise 9-2
Directions:Write a paragraph of narration,telling about one of your memorable trip.
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