英语四级写作方法：平行结构

　　Parallel Structure

　　平行结构

　　相似的思想应用相似的形式表达出来。句子的成份相近，则也应以相似的形式出现。请注意以下标有NO的句子是不规范的。

　　No: The school bus skidded, turned sideways, then comes to a stop.

　　Yes: The school bus skidded, turned sideways, and came to a stop.

　　No: I dont know why I married someone who is miserly, sloppy and a bore.

　　Yes: I dont know why I married someone who is miserly, sloppy and boring.

　　No: In the wreck the circus lost a panda and elephant.

　　Yes: In the wreck the circus lost a panda and an elephant.

　　No: I debated whether I should give the beggar money or to offer him food.

　　Yes: I debated whether to give the beggar money or to offer him food.

　　No: They would lie on the battlefield for hours and sometimes days.

　　Yes: They would lie on the battlefield for hours and sometimes for days.

　　No: Michaels vacuum cleaner squealed loudly, shook violently, and dust filled the air.

　　Yes: Michaels vacuum cleaner squealed loudly, shook violently, and filled the air with dust.

　　No: The mechanic explained the problem, method, and the tools that he was going to use.

　　Yes: The mechanic explained the problem, method, and tools that he was going to use.

　　No: He retired respected by his associates, admired by his friends, and his employees loved him.

　　Yes: He retired respected by his associates, admired by his friends, and loved by his employees.

　　No: As a young man he had been to Shanghai, fighting in the Anti-Japanese War, and following the Nationalist Party to Chongking.

　　Yes: As a young man he had been to Shanghai, had fought in the Anti-Japanese War and had followed the Nationalist Party to Chongking.

　　No: Jane is pretty, with brown hair, and has a graceful manner.

　　Yes: Jane is pretty, brown-haired, and graceful.

　　No: He left the city because of his lack of success in business, the departure of his friends and because his health deteriorated rapidly.

　　Yes: He left the city because of his lack of success in business, the departure of his friends and his rapidly failing health.

　　No: They bought the house for location and affordability.

　　Yes: They bought the house because of its location and its affordability.

　　No: Why did you make Xiao Zhang feel useless and as if he was unimportant?

　　Yes: Why did you make Xiao Zhang feel useless and unimportant?

　　No: This could be a problem for both the winners and for those who lose.

　　Yes: This could be a problem for both the winners and losers.

　　No: The prisoner was not only found guilty of bribery but also adultery.

　　Yes: The prisoner was found guilty not only of bribery but also of adultery.

　　为使平行结构清楚明了，随时都可以重复介词、冠词、助动词、不定词标志，或者长的短语或句子的介绍词。

　　Awkward: I admire Tennyson for the ideals in his poems but not his style.

　　Improved: I admire Tennyson for the ideals in his poems but not for his style.

　　Awkward: The sentences are difficult to understand, not because they are long but they are obscure.

　　Improved: The sentences are difficult to understand, not because they are long but because they are obscure.

　　Awkward: He explained that the advertising campaign had been successful, business had increased more than forty per cent, and additional capital was sorely needed.

　　Improved: He explained that the advertising campaign had been successful, that business had increased more than forty per cent, and that additional capital was sorely needed.

　　在商业和正式文件写作中，越来越多的用到圆点散句。除了更易读之外，它们更能从视觉上引起人们注意。作者需要决定在圆点之后用什么形式来写，是用名词，动词，形容词，副词，还是介词短语，定语从句甚至完整的句子。应该记住的是它们相互间应该保持一致。平行结构较多用。