例如: Because soming will do harm to ones health. People should try not to smoke.划线部分是句子片段,不能独立成句。出现这种情况的原因可能是考生写到后面时忘了前面的内容,误以为要表达的意思已经全面、结构已经完整,于是开始写新的句子。此句完整的应为:People should avoid smoking cigarettes because it will do harm to their health. 2. 主谓不一致 对中国学生来说,主谓不一致是十分常见的问题,在四句作文中也屡见不鲜。这应当引起考生足够的重视。在平时联系中应有意识地避免出现这样的错误,多通读,多检查,考试时自然就会少犯了。 例如: Average number of hours a student spend on the Internet keeps increasing very fast.应改为:The average hours a student spends on the Internet keep increasing rapidly. 相比之下,由于缺乏语法只是导致主谓不一致的情况要复杂的多,仅仅通过细心检查也不一定能够避免,只有在平时注意积累语法知识,并辅以联系加以巩固,才能减少这样的错误。 3.句子不间断 有的考生习惯在两个简单句之间不用任何关联词,仅用逗号连接,或者前一句还没有结束,下一句就迫不及待地开始了。这种不间断的句子属于语法错误。例如: I have a brother, he thinks that 6 and 8 are lucky numbers to Chinese people. 两个分句之间缺乏关联此,仅用逗号连接。尽管在现代英语中,用逗号连接两个分句的情况越来越常见,但是在正式的文体中,还是要尽量避免出现此类句子。 I have a brother who thinks that 6 and 8 are lucky numbers to Chinese people. 4. 时态混乱 描述过去发生的事情要用过去时,描述一般事实时要用现在时。但由于疏忽或语法知识不牢固,有些考生在写作时经常随意使用时态,使文章令人费解。例如: There are almost no car on the road. Maybe the drivers got careless. 该剧描述已经发生的一起车祸,然后对事故原因进行推测。时态的混乱使句子表达不合逻辑,令人费解。 There was almost no car on the road at that time, so the driver must have been very careless. 5. 逻辑混乱 逻辑混乱主要有两种表现形式:修饰语错位和悬垂修饰语。 1)修饰语错位 修饰语错位可能是形容词、副词、介词短语、从句等,在文章中应紧跟被修饰成分。在英语中,同一修饰语至于不同的位置,句子的含义可能不同。例如: She put the scarf around her neck that she bought yesterday. 从句that she bought yesterday 放在her neck后,让人误以为是修饰her neck。 She put around her neck the scarf that she bought yesterday. 2) 悬垂修饰语 所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语所修饰的成分没有明确指出,造成句子逻辑关系的混乱。例如: To do well in college, high marks are essential. 句首To do well in college的逻辑主语含糊不清,显然不应该是high marks,应该改为人作主语。 To do well in college, a student needs high marks. 6. 中式英语 考生作文中经常出现英语汉化的现象,即中式英语的问题。比如Man is iron, and food is steel, Women are half side sky 等说法。如何克服中式思维带来的影响,关键在于动笔前先思考一下类似的英文句式,尽量找到规范的英语表达方式,不能随心所欲。例如: This is because fake commodities can make a lot of money. 中文口语中,我们用假货可以赚很多来表达通过生产或销售假货,人们可以赚很多钱的意思。但这不符合英语的表达习惯,fake commodities 作make a lot of money 的逻辑主语,会让人难以理解。 This is because one is likely to make a lot of money by producing or seeling fake commodities.
Road 路
科学家发现水分子其实有两种类型
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