这里的相关话语分为两种:插入语和引用。插入语是一种很实用的写法,易学易用,并且能够掩盖作者的短暂的词穷。插入语用起来简单,但效果却不同凡响:有时表示说话者的态度和看法;有时起强调的作用;有时是为了引起读者的注意;还可以起转移话题或说明事由的作用;也可以承上启下,使句子与前面的语句衔接得更紧密一些。在这里,我们只需要记住插入语的两个特性,即可应用得易如反掌: 1.形式上,插入语两端必须有逗号,以区别于其他句子成分。 2.内容上,插入语插在句子中,不影响原句的主谓结构。 插入语大体上可以应用于以下场景: ①非限制性定语从句: The specialist himself, who makes this his career, takes the responsibilities of letting off firecrackers on ceremonies and parties. 那个将此作为自己的事业的专家,他本人就承担起在仪式和宴会上燃放烟花爆竹的责任。 ②个人观点: To put such a serious problem to an end, in my mind, calls for the efforts from all sides. 终结这个严重的问题,依我之见,需要各方面的努力。 ③转折: Other people, nevertheless, stand on a different ground. 但是,其他人却站在不同的立场上。 ④程度上的递进: The task is very difficult, besides, time presses. 任务艰巨,而且时间紧迫。 再来就是纯粹的引用。名言、资讯、文献、报告等等,都能在写作中应用得到。这里我们仅以名人名言为例进行说明。 约翰万斯 切尼曾经说过:The soul would have no rainbow had the eyes no tears,直译过来就是眼中若无泪,心何见彩虹,相当于中国两句著名的唐诗:若非一番寒彻骨,哪得梅花扑鼻香。这句优美的名言如果作为引用插在文章中,就需要我们懂得如何善插引文中使用插入语。你可以试着说: The soul, once said by John Vance Cheney, would have no rainbow had the eyes no tears. 若非一番寒彻骨,正如约翰万斯切尼所言,哪得梅花扑鼻香。 或者: The soul would have no rainbow had the eyes no tears, once said by John Vance Cheney, tells us the significance of adversity. 若非一番寒彻骨,哪得梅花扑鼻香,正如约翰万斯切尼所言,它阐释了逆境的重要性。 因此,在这里笔者特别要提醒大家:一、尽量不要引用大家过于耳熟能详的俗套名言谚语;二、不要张冠李戴,若未想起来是谁所言,可以巧妙转化,变成非限制性定语从句,which was well known to us,。
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