自2013年12月大学起,六级翻译部分由句子翻译改为段落翻译,段落长度为200词左右,做题时间由5分钟延长至30分钟,分值也大幅上升,由5%飙升至15%,难度和分值同步提升,考生需要具备扎实的语言功底和一些常用的翻译技巧才能在改革后的翻译题型中取得很好的成绩。在本文中,辅导老师就考生在翻译中常见的一些问题给出相对应的破解技巧。
一、 中文句子过长,无法用英文一句话表述
针对这类问题,考生需要在读原文时进行断句,先把一个长句按照逻辑拆分成两、三个较短、语义相对完整的句子,然后在翻译拆后的短句。
例如:典型的中国园林四周有围墙,园内有池塘、假山、树木、花草以及各种各样由蜿蜒的小路和走廊连接的建筑。
分析:这句话较长,很难用英文一句话表述出全部句意,看中文可以发现,逗号前说的是园林的外部,逗号后说的是园林的内部,所以完全可以从逗号处断开,前后分别译成两个独立的句子。
参考译文:A typical Chinese garden is surrounded by walls. There are ponds, rockwork, trees and flowers and plants and various kinds of buildings which are linked by winding pathways and corridors.
二、 中英文语序、词义不对等
由于中英文结构不同,中文中的形容词短语未必能译成英文的形容词短语放在其所修饰的名词或代词前面,对于这样的问题,建议考生先把中文原句中的主干找到进行翻译,然后再考虑修饰成分是处理成定语从句还是用分词短语作后置定语。
例如:它既包括为皇室成员享乐而建造的大型花园,也包括学者、商人和卸任的政府官员为摆脱嘈杂的外部世界而建造的私家花园。
分析:这句话修饰成分很多,其主干却很简单它既包括大型花园,也包括私家花园然后看修饰成分,分别是为皇室成员享乐而建造的和学者、商人和卸任的政府官员为摆脱嘈杂的外部世界而建造的这两个成分是平行结构为而建造的,由此想到可以用英文表述built as,进而将两个定语全部翻译成分词短语放在它们所修饰的名词后面。
参考译文:It includes both the large gardens built as entertainment places for royal family and the private gardens built as secluded retreats for scholars, merchants and retired government officers.
以上技巧都建立在考生读懂原文的基础上,只有清晰了解中文意思,才能分清主次、抓住句中各短句的逻辑关系,进而运用以上翻译技巧,将原句的意思准确地表述出来。建议考生平时多加练习,熟能生巧,祝各位考生备考顺利!
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