第一步,判断句与句之间的关系。汉译英句子之间一般存在以下五种关系: 第一种关系是并列,显著词是和,对应英文是and, or, as well as etc。 第二种关系是转折,显著词是然而,对应英文是but, yet, however, while etc。 第三种关系是让步,显著词是尽管,对应英文是although, though, even though, even if etc。 第四种关系是因果,显著词是因为如此---以至于---, 对应英文because, so---that--- etc。 第五种关系是目的,显著词是为了,对应英文是in order that--- 第二步,以动词为切入点,名词辅之。也就是说,判断完句与句之间关系,下一步要先翻译句子中的动词,然后翻译名词。 那么一个句子主谓宾也就相对完整了。注意动词要注意时态,名词要注意单复数。 第三步,补全成分定、状、补。 例如: 1.这位艺术家聚精会神于工作,以至于没有听到来访者进了房间。 由连接词以至于 判断前后句子之间属于因果关系,对应的英语为so ---that--- 动词为切入点:聚精会神、听到某人做某事、进入,依次为be absorbed in sth、hear sb do sth、enter名词辅之艺术家artist;工作来访者visitor;房间room。 补全成分:定于自己的his。 于是连接成句如下所示: The artist was so absorbed in his work that he didnt hear the visitor enter the room。 2.他们对工作没有安全感,因为政府并不保护他们使之免遭失业。 由连接词因为 判断前后句子之间属于因果关系,对应的英语为because。 动词为切入点:对没有安全感、保护免遭、依次为do not have/has security in sth、protect from sth/doing sth名词辅之他们工作work/job;失业unemployment;政府government。 补全成分:无 于是连接成句如下所示: They do not have security in their job, because the government doesnt protect them from unemployment。 3.他们确实是[实验中]失败了四次,但他们[仍在]努力工作[并最终会]获得成功。 由连接词但判断前后句子之间属于转折关系,对应的英语为but/however/yet。 动词为切入点:确实是、失败了、努力工作、获得依次为it is true that、fail、work hard、achieve名词辅之他们四次four times;成功success。 补全成分:状语实验中in the experiment、仍在be doing/still、并最终会finally/eventually/in the end。 于是连接成句如下所示: It is true that they have failed four times in the experiment, but they are working hard and may eventually achieve success./may succeed in the end。
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