大多数形容词(性质形容词)和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1) 规则变化
单音节词和少数双音节词,加词尾-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级。
构成法原级比较级最高级
一般单音节词tall tallertallest
未尾加-er,-estgreatgreater greatest
以不发音的e结尾nice nicernicest
的单音词和少数 largelarger largest
以- le结尾的双able(有能力的) ablerablest
音节词只加-r,-st
以一个辅音字母big bigger biggest
结尾的闭音节单hot热的)hotter hottest
音节词,双写结
尾的辅音字母,
再加-er,-est
以辅音字母+yeasyeasier easiest
结尾的双音节词,busybusier busiest
改y为i,再加
-er,-est
少数以-er,-owclevercleverer cleverest
结尾的双音节词narrownarrower narrowest
未尾加-er,-est
其他双音节词和important
多音节词,在前more important
面加more,most most important
来构成比较级和easily
最高级。more easily
most easily
2) 不规则变化
原级 比较级最高级
good/betterbest
well
bad / worse worst
ill
old older/elderoldest/eldest
much/many more most
littlelessleast
far farther/further farthest/furthest
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