specification明确说明六级高频词组详解第25讲

　　1. specification做单数表示明确说明，用specifications才表示规格，规范，技术说明，清单, 明细单; 计划书

　　architects specification工程技术规格

　　2. species单复同形---The Origin of Species《物种起源》

　　3. speed既是名词也是动词;在做动词时候根据意思不同，对应的变化形式不同;在做加速时使用speed up做规则动词speeded，speeded;在做疾驰，急行)

　　的时候使用sped，sped

　　He speeded up the car.; The car sped away.

　　4. spend money on/for sth; spend time doing sth

　　expenditure on education教育经费;revenue and expenditure收支

　　dispense是一个不及物动词---dispense with节省，省却，没有...也行，不需要

　　Can we dispense with the formalities? 咱们能免去这些礼节吗?

　　A lazy student can dispense with the original and use the English text as a trot. 懒学生可以把原文抛在一边而用英文直译本.

　　Indispensable比necessary语气强烈

　　Compensate sb for sth---Nothing can compensate for the loss of the opportunity.

　　In compensation for作为...的补偿，以弥补...

　　a sum of money paid in compensation for loss or injury. 补偿损失或伤害的钱款.

　　In partial compensation for these problems, however, we obtain the benefits of fuller local government. 然而，作为对这些问题的部分补偿，我们得益于比较完整

　　的地方政府

　　Pendulum摇摆不定的事态

　　play pendulum

　　处于不稳定状态, 左右摇摆

　　swing like a pendulum

　　钟的摆动; 摇摆不定

　　从一个极端到另一极端; 政党间政权的交替; 各政党在选举中的胜负交替

　　5. in spirits兴致勃勃; out of spirits无精打采;material civilization物质文明; spiritual civilization精神文明

　　6. despair既是名词也是动词，且是不及物动词---despair of---丧失信心，绝望---He despaired of winning a scholarship.

　　In despair在绝望中;despair + of doing表示对...绝望，不接不定式

　　In prosperity顺境;in adversity逆境;In prosperity caution, in adversity patience . 得意须谨慎;逆境须忍耐.

　　7. in spite of=despite所以despite是一个介词

　　8. source意思是源，来源，出处 to get the information from a reliable source

　　resource意思是智谋，应付的办法，其复数resources才指资源，财力

　　She had no other resource but to weep.

　　A country rich in mineral resources/financial resources

　　Resourceful足智多谋的，有应变之才的：resourceful and versatile足智多谋，多才多艺

　　9. sport单数是指体育;复数sports才是指运动会，或做形容词形式;a sports car赛车;a sports delegation体育代表团

　　10. notwithstanding既是介词也是连词=in spite of;though

　　constant既是形容词也是名词常数，恒量

　　consist根据意思不同，接三种不同的介词

　　consist of---组成，构成---New York City consists of five boroughs.纽约市由五个行政区组成

　　consist in---在于，存在于---The beauty of the artists style consists in its simplicity.这位艺术家的风格上的美在于它的简朴

　　consist with---并存，相容，一致---The information consists with her account.这消息与她的描述是一致的

　　consistent with前后一致的，坚持一贯的，始终如一的

　　come into existence/bing出现，产生

　　insist on/that---that后面更具insist的意思不同使用不同形式，如果表示坚持应该干...则使用should的虚拟语气;如表示坚持某一事实则使用直陈语气

　　I insist that you see the doctor.我坚持你一定要看医生.

　　I insisted that it was an accident.我坚持那是意外事件.

　　Persist in坚持不懈，执意---He persisted in asking her annoying question.

　　Resist既有抵抗，反抗，也有抵制，忍住这样的意思---resist sth ---resist an attack; resist sth---resist laughing

　　Resistance to sth对...的抵抗---make resistance to the enemys attack

　　Institute动词设立，制定和名词学院，研究所institution是名词设立，制定社会公共机构，制度，习俗

　　比较而言institution的含义更为广泛

　　Substitute既是名词也是动词;substitute A for B---用A代替B;replace A with B---用B替代A

　　Politician含有褒贬义，既是政治家，也可以指政客;statesman意思只是褒义政治家

　　11. have sth in storage把...贮藏起来;have sth in stock有...存货

　　restore意思很多恢复，使回复;归还，交还;修复，重建

　　restore order恢复秩序;restore the book to the shelf把书放回书架;restore the old church修复古教堂

　　作为恢复，多指外力来回复原装，所以多用被动形式;recover多指使用自己的力量来恢复，所使用主动形式

　　The doctor restored him to life.

　　He has recovered from his illness.

　　He has recovered his spirits.

　　12. constrain sb to do sth强制某人干某事---类同force

　　restrain sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事---类同prevent

　　refrain是一个不及物动词，一般要使用refrainfrom---refrain from laughing

　　to refrain=to restrain oneself常指自治以避免...

　　Im just trying to refrain from drowsing at work. 我只是试着别在工作时打瞌睡而已.

　　Unable to restrain himself any longer, he took a step forward and rasped, Dont be too optimistic! 他忍不住上前一步，很严重地对杜新箨说：不要太乐观.

　　Restrict是一个动词---be restricted to+sth---I am restricted to advising.我只有建议的权限.Membership of the club is restricted to men only. 该俱乐部的成

　　员仅限于男士.

　　Place restrictions on对...限制---place restrictions on foreign trade

　　On the other hand, they also place restrictions on foreign investors. They may require certain specified minimum levels of local participation as equity owners,

　　suppliers, and managers. 另一方面，他们也对投资者实施限制.她们会提出以业主，供应商和经理等身份参与外资企业的特定最低限额.

　　13. strike作为动词还有打动，给...以深刻印象撞见，发现，忽然想到;其过去式，过去分词为struck，stricken

　　go on strike---举行罢工;be on strike---在罢工

　　be struck with被...留下深刻印象

　　She was struck dumb with fear. 她害怕得说不出话.

　　I was immediately struck with sadness. 我立刻悲从中来.

　　It strikes sb that使某人忽然想到...

　　It strikes me that the man was not telling the truth. 我感到那个人没说真话.