大学英语六级讲义（翻译部分）

六级汉译英讲义

一、汉译英应试原则和基本程序

汉译英应试原则

手法灵活

语法正确

内容忠实

语言闪光

汉译英基本程序

1.理解 通读并透彻理解原文含义

2.翻译 确定译文句子的时态、句型、结构和用词

3.审校 首先检查译文是否正确地转述了原文内容，是否有错译和漏译;其次，检查是否有语言上的明显错误，如时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号等。发现错误，及时改正。

二、汉译英专项练习

一、倍数增减的表示法

1) Force N1 _______________.

2) This substance _______________.

3) The earth _______________.

4) The landlord _______________.

5) They _______________.

二、时态

1) Be quick, _______________.

2) When she got home, _______________.

3) When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _______________.

4) I_______________.

5) Do you often go on holiday? _______________.

6) He joined the army in October, 2001. _______________.

三、被动语态

1) The blackboard and chalk _______________.

2) The book _______________.

3) Computer models _______________.

4) When the bill of fare was brought, _______________.

5) _______________to eliminate sandy storms.

四、情态动词

1) The phone is ringing, _______________.

2) I cant find my sunglasses. _______________.

3) You screamed in your sleep last night. _______________.

4) Its a pity. _______________.

5) _______________; most of the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.

五、虚拟语气

1) I wish _______________.

2) If only _______________! Then he would not have killed himself.

3) ―― Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars?

―― Id rather he _______________.

4) Its high time that _______________.

5) Hugh usually talks _______________.

6) We insist that _______________.

7) It was advised that _______________.

8) His proposal was that _______________.

9) We are going to discuss his suggestion that _______________.

10) It is ridiculous that _______________.

11) It is essential that _______________.

12) _______________, we would have had quite a comfortable journey.

13) I was to have made a speech _______________.

14) It didnt rain last night. _______________.

15) _______________, I would know the U.S. well now.

16) If the doctor had not come in time, _______________.

17) But for his help, _______________.

18) I used my calculator; _______________.

19) Were I in your place, _______________.

20) Had it not been for their opposition, _______________.

21) Should there be another world war, _______________.

22) He walked lightly _______________.

六、不定式

1) It was a great achievement _______________.

2) It is necessary _______________.

3) It is generous _______________.

4) The teacher decided _______________.

5) Mr. Green was wondering _______________ .

6) The gardener _______________.

7) We _______________.

8) He feels it challenging _______________.

9) We hope to have more opportunities _______________.

10) The bad weather _______________.

11) The environmentalists are against _______________.

12) Sally Ride was the first _______________.

13) They lifted a rock _______________.

14) He was surprised _______________.

15) I am sorry _______________.

16) I happened _______________.

17) She doesnt like _______________.

18) If you want to save money, youd better _______________.

19) We did nothing _______________.

20) We were made _______________.

七、分词

1) This is the first time that I heard _______________.

2) The cars _______________ will be ticketed.

3) The war went on for years, _______________.

4) The farmers used a new insecticide, thus _______________.

5) Einstein watched the toy in delight, _______________.

6) _______________, we stopped talking and began to study.

7) _______________, they decided to pay for his education.

8) _______________, Einstein was a simple, modest and ordinary man.

9) _______________, he was worried about them.

八、动名词

1) _______________ does him a lot of good.

2) They tried to avoid _______________.

3) Developing varieties is the key to _______________.

4) It is no use _______________.

5) He denied_______________.

6) We congratulated her on _______________.

九、非谓语动词用法区别

1) Success means _______________.

2) John meant _______________.

3) I heard him _______________.

4) I heard him _______________.

5) He jumped into the pool to save the child _______________.

6) He jumped from the burning house, _______________.

7) He was happy _______________.

8) _______________, he issued a sigh of relief.

9) _______________, the zoologists spotted the hungry panda.

10) The pop, _______________, came to meet his fans.

十、名词从句

1) _______________ is still a secret.

2) _______________ was that he spoke English so well.

3) _______________ became obvious.

4) It is not clear yet _______________.

5) It is none of your business _______________.

6) Dont put off till tomorrow _______________.

7) This novel is just _______________.

8) It is not yet known _______________.

9) _______________ is not clear to me.

10) My main problem right now is _______________.

11) It all depends on _______________.

12) You have yet to answer my question _______________.

13) Finally, the workers got an answer _______________.

14) Obviously, there was little certainty _______________.

十一、定语从句

1) Everyday many tourists come to visit _______________.

2) The old lady died _______________.

3) This is _______________.

4) Let ABC be _______________.

5) Some of the roads were flooded, _______________.

6) He introduced me to his students, _______________.

7) _______________, water is a liquid.

十二、状语从句

1) _______________, Jim brings polities into the discussion.

2) _______________, I shall be satisfied.

3) _______________, the comedian always had a quick, sharp reply.

4) We climbed high _______________.

5) The problem so very complicated _______________.

6) You can go out _______________.

7) I remember the whole thing _______________.

十三、比较级最高级

1) Does she dance _______________?

2) The buildings look _______________.

3) This is _______________.

4) The higher you climb, _______________.

十四、倒装句

1) Scarcely had she fallen asleep _______________.

2) No sooner had Anne arrived _______________.

3) The husband was not hospitable to the visitor. _______________.

4) Only then _______________.

5) Only when you adjust down your price _______________.

十五、强调句

1) _______________the Declaration of Independence.

2) _______________praises all that is progressive.

3) _______________we could not cross the river.

4) _______________ shouting at his mother in the dead of night.

5) _______________ Mrs. Williams knew anything about it.

三、汉译英专项练习答案及解析

一、倍数增减的表示法

1) is 2.5 times greater than Force N2

2) reacts three times as fast as the other one

3) is 49 times the size of the moon

4) wants to raise the rent by a third

5) plan to double their investment

二、时态

1) or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church

2) the children had fallen asleep

3) my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside

4) have been revising my resume all the morning

5) No. It has been five years since I went on holiday

6) He has been in the army for 5 years

三、被动语态

1) is being replaced by the computer and the projector

2) will have been published by the end of this year

3) can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work

4) I was startled, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated

5) Effective measures must be taken immediately

四、情态动词

1) but there is no answer. She cant be at home

2) I may have left them in the coffee shop yesterday

3) You must have dreamed of something terrible

4) You should have invited her to your graduation ceremony

5) I neednt have put on my best suit to go to the party

五、虚拟语气

1) I had had your opportunities when I was young

2) he had known this disease is curable

3) painted it blue, and without any decorations

4) measures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jams

time 后的that从句中用过去式，表示该是的时候了)

5) as though he were delivering a speech at an assembly

6) Jack be sent to hospital right now

sb. do的虚拟形式)

7) more mobile shops be set up in the residential area

sb. do的虚拟形式)

8) they set up a special board/committee to examine this problem

sb. do的虚拟形式)

9) the mid-term exams be canceled

sb. do的虚拟形式)

10) we be short of water in a country where it is always raining

11) everyone be prepared for emergency

12) If he had booked tickets in the way I told him

13) if I had not been interrupted

14) If it had rained, the ground would be wet

15) If I had been living in New York

16) he would be dead now

17) we could not have rent a house at such a low price

18) otherwise, it would have taken me more time to work out this question

19) I would seize the opportunity without hesitation

20) this act would have been passed much earlier

21) the continued existence of the human race would be in jeopardy

22) lest he should awaken the baby

引导的从句通常用sb. should do的形式表示虚拟)

六、不定式

1) to complete a 24-story building in 10 months

2) for us to have a good nights sleep before the test

3) of you to donate so much money to the people in the disaster area

4) not to punish those students who had been late for class

5) whether to visit their son in France

6) warned me just now not to water flowers at noon

7) invited him to give us a lecture on modern art

8) to be the chairman of students union in so large a university

9) to apply what we have learned in class to practice

10) ruined our plan to show the film in the open air

11) the decision to build a nuclear power station in the suburbs

12) American woman to explore the outer space

13) only to drop it on their own feet

14) to meet a high school classmate in the mountain village

15) to have taken up so much of your time

16) to be standing in the doorway when he rushed in

17) to be treated as a guest

18) go to the campus bookstore to buy used books

19) but play bridge the whole day

20) to wipe our feet on the mat before going into the room

七、分词

1) Happy birthday to you sung in Italian

2) parked in the fire lane

3) killing thousands upon thousands of people

4) raising the average yield by 15 percent

5) trying to deduce its operating principle

6) Seeing that everyone was bending over his/her book

7) Deeply moved by the boys deeds

8) Seen from the eyes of a young friend

9) Not having heard from his parents for a long time

八、动名词

1) Taking a cold bath every day

2) making their daughter do what she didnt like to do

3) getting our goods into the international market

4) crying over spilled milk

, it be no good/use/worthwhile, there be no need/no point in, how/what about, whats the point of, whats the use of)

5) having peeked at his neighbors test paper

6) being promoted to manager

九、非谓语动词用法区别

1) working very hard.

2) to drive there, but his car broke down

3) talking to his mother

4) talk to his mother for an hour

5) only to break his own leg

6) breaking his legs

7) to see his parents in good health

8) Seeing his parents safe and sound

9) Following its footprints

10) followed by two body guards

十、名词从句

1) Why they left their hometown for Yunnan

2) What confused me most

3) That this was done on purpose

4) who should be responsible for this matter

5) whom Mary is engaged to

6) what can be done today

7) what I have been looking for

8) whether/if robots will one day have vision as good as human vision

9) Whether she likes the present

10) whether I should ask for another loan

11) whether they will support us

12) whether I can count on your vote

13) that the Government could do nothing to raise their wages

14) that the chairman would agree to this proposal

十一、定语从句

1) the house where Lu Xun was born

2) on the day when his son arrived

3) the reason why I am in favor of this reform

4) a triangle whose three sides are of unequal length

5) which made our journey more difficult

6) most of whom were English majors

7) As is known to all

十二、状语从句

1) Whatever we talk about

2) Whichever side wins

3) However hard some people in the audience tried to upset him

4) so that we might get a better view

5) that it took us nearly two weeks to solve it

6) as long as you promise to be back before 11 at night

7) as if it happened yesterday

十三、比较级最高级

1) as gracefully as her sister

2) far uglier in London than here

3) one of the best pictures that he has ever painted

4) the thinner the air becomes

十四、倒装句

1) when a knock at the door awakened her

2) than she fell ill

3) Nor did the wife say a word of welcome.

4) did the doctor realize that his patient needed surgery

5) can we conclude the business

十五、强调句

1) It was Jefferson who wrote

2) It is with genuine feeling that the author

3) It was because the water had risen that

4) It was Jim, the heartless fellow, who was heard

5) It was not until I told her that