四十天突破英语四级词汇笔记(第6课)

　　第6课

　　关于逗号的一些知识

　　原则：逗号没有能力连接两个单独的句子。

　　如何区分短语与句子?一个结构如果有完整的谓语部分就是句子。

　　何为完整的谓语部分?如果能判断出一个结构的时态就可以称这个结构为完整的谓语部分。

　　在什么样的情况下一个逗号可以将句子分成两部分，而这两部分都有完整的谓语呢?

　　1 两个句子中间有连接词连接;

　　2 这两个句子是主从句关系。

　　10. Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work _A_, we declined the offer.

　　A not being finished B not having finished

　　C had not been finished D was not finished

　　42. A survey was carrie3d out on the death rate of new-born babies in that region, _D_ were surprising.

　　A as results B which results C the results of it D the results of which

　　51. All flights _D_ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could no nothing but take the train.

　　A had been canceled B have been canceled

　　C were canceled D having been canceled

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　　46. _A_ the calculation is right scientists can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately.

　　A Even if B As far as C If only D So long as

　　even if 即使，即便; so long as 只要。

　　47. My train arrives in New York at eight oclock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there _B_ by then.

　　A would leave B will have left C has left D had left

　　将来完成时：will have + 动词过去分词。

　　49. Harry was _A_ by a bee when he was collecting the honey.

　　A stung B stuck C bitten D scratched

　　sting v. 叮，蛰; bite v. 咬; scratch vt. 抓伤，划破。

　　once bitten, twice shy. 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。

　　50. The thief tried to open the locked door but _B_.

　　A in no way B in vain C without effect D at a loss

　　in vain 徒劳，白费工夫; But很少与介词without联用; at a loss 不知所措。

　　52. _B_ seeing the damage he had done, the child felt ashamed.

　　A By B On C At D For

　　on后面加动词ing形式表示在之后这个时间概念。

　　54. Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we _C_ during the day.

　　A should have done B would have done C may have done D must have done

　　should have + 动词过去分词，表示本应该做; may have + 动词过去分词，表示可能做过;

　　与过去事实相反的虚拟语气主句谓语动词的表达形式可能用到：would have + 动词过去分词。

　　must have + 动词过去分词，表示对过去行为进行肯定推测。表示一定做过;

　　cant have + 动词过去分词，表示对过去行为进行否定推测，表示不可能做过。

　　56. This crop does not do well in soils _B_ the one for which it has been specially developed.

　　A outside B other than C beyond D rather than

　　outside prep. 在外边; rather than 而不是。

　　beyond prep. 超出的范围; beyond his wildest dreams 超出他最狂野的梦想。

　　other than 不同于，而非，当它与否定词no或not出现在同一个句子中时表示除之外。

　　66. In no country _A_ Britain, it has been said, can on experience four seasons in the course of a single day.

　　A other than B more than C better than D rather than

　　63. My father seemed to be in no _A_ to look at my school report.

　　A mood B emotion C attitude D feeling

　　be in no mood to do/doing sth. 没有情绪做什么事情。

　　67. Im sorry I cant see you immediately; but if youd like to take a seat, Ill be with you _B_.

　　A for a moment B in a moment C for the moment D at the moment

　　68. The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasnt bothered by his loudness _D_ by his lack of talent.

　　A than B more than C as D so much as

　　当否定词not与so much as出现在同一句子中时，它们的含义是：与其说不如说

　　70. Our journey was slow because the train stopped _D_ at different villages.

　　A unceasingly B gradually C continuously D continually

　　unceasingly adv. 不停止地，不休止地; gradually adv. 逐渐地，逐步地;= step by step.

　　continuously adv. 连续不断地; continually adv. 时断时续地。

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　　43. Frankfurt, Germany, is in one of the most _A_ populated regions of Western Europe.

　　A densely B vastly C enormously D largely

　　densely populated 人口分布稠密; sparsely populated 人口分布稀疏。

　　52. _D_ of the two books holds the opinion that the danger of nuclear war is increasing.

　　A None B Either C Both D Neither

　　none表示的是三者或三者以上都不; either表示的是两者之间任意一者。

　　55. Beethoven is my favorite musician. I regard him as _A_ other musicians.

　　A superior to B more superior than C more superior to D superior than

　　注意：具有比较意味的形容词只需要与to搭配，而无须more, than。

　　58. She is a very _D_ secretary: she never forgets anything or makes a mistake.

　　A anxious B effective C adequate D efficient

　　anxious adj. 忧虑的，焦虑的; anxiety n. 焦虑，忧虑; effective adj. 有效的;

　　take effective measures 采取有效的措施; adequate adj. 充足的，足够的;= surficient.

　　efficient adj. 效率高的，能胜任的。

　　64. The computer has brought about surprising technological changes _B_ we organize and produce information.

　　A in a way B in the way C in that way D in no way

　　in the way 引导句子时表示在...方面。

　　170. Please move this chair, it is _A_.

　　A in the way B on the way C in a way D by the way

　　in the way在没有引导句子时表示挡路的，妨碍某人的。

　　67. In Australia the Asians make their influence _C_ in businesses large and small.

　　A feeling B feel C felt D to be felt

　　考试中常见的几个使役动词：make, get, keep, leave.

　　考试中的形式：使役动词 + sb. + ___ 此时空格处应填分词

　　具体是要填现在还是过去分词由空格前的sb.决定，

　　如果它是动作的发出者则填现在分词，如果它是动作的承受者则填过去分词。

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　　41. He came back late, _B_ which time all the guests had already left.

　　A after B by C at D during

　　介词by引导时间状语时一定与完成时态搭配。

　　45. His remarks left me _D_ about his real purpose.

　　A wondered B wonder C to wonder D wondering

　　49. Although they plant trees in this area every year, the tops of some hills are still _D_.

　　A blank B hollow C vacant D bare

　　blank adj. 空白的; hollow adj. 空心的，中空的;

　　bare adj. 光突突的;没带首饰的; bald adj. 秃顶的。

　　50. Being a pop star can be quite a hard life, with a lot of traveling _D_ heavy schedules.

　　A with regard to B as to C in relation to D owing to

　　owning to = due to 因为。

　　52. William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, _C_ defended the right of every citizen to freedom of choice in religion.

　　A peculiarly B indifferently C vigorously D inevitably

　　peculiar adj. 奇特的; indifferently adv. 冷漠地，不积极地;

　　vigorously adv. 强有力的，强劲有力的; inevitably adv. 不可避免地，必然地。

　　60. We have been told that under no circumstances _A_ the telephone in the office for personal affairs.

　　A may we use B we may use C we could use D did we use

　　61. In previous times, then fresh meat was in short _D_, pigeons were kept by many households as a source of food.

　　A store B provision C reserve D supply

　　in previous times 从前; fresh water 淡水; fresh meat 鲜肉; dove n. 鸽子;

　　bean curd 豆腐; Bible 圣经; bible 具有权威性的书; God 上帝; god 神。

　　62. As Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, I have directed that all measures _C_ for our defense.

　　A had been taken B would be taken C be taken D to be taken

　　以下几个表示指挥，命令的动词：order, command, direct.

　　在引导宾语从句时从句要用 + 动词原形来体现虚拟语气。

　　63. A thief who broke into a church was caught because traces of wax, found on his clothes, _A_ from the sort of candles used only in churches.

　　A had come B coming C come D that came

　　65. I was _B_ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.

　　A to B on C at D in

　　to the point of 到了程度; on the point of doing sth. 正要做某事情;

　　at the point of 在某点上; when除了表示当时候外，还可以表示恰在此时或刚就

　　68. The project _C_ by the end of 2000, will expand the citys telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.

　　A accomplished B being accomplished

　　C to be accomplished D having been accomplished

　　69. _C_ evidence that language-acquiring ability must be stimulated.

　　A If being B It is C There is D There being

　　evidence表示证据，最大的特点是后面经常带同位语从句说明证据的内容。

　　language-acquiring ability 语言习得能力。 evidence不用在it is 这种结构当中。

　　64. After the guests left, she spent half an hour _C_ the sitting-room.

　　A ordering B arranging C tidying up D clearing away

　　order vt. 命令;订购;整理，使有条理性; order ones thoughts 整理思路，整理思绪;

　　arrange v. 布置，安排; tidy up 整理，使整洁;

　　clear away 把清除掉。

　　67. A lorry _A_ Janes cat and sped away.

　　A ran over B ran into C ran through D ran down

　　run over 撞倒并碾过; run into 不期然地遇到; run through 贯穿;

　　run down 贬低; run down ones opinion.

　　70. Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply _A_.

　　A appreciated B approved C appealed D applied

　　rare books 珍藏本的书籍; appreciate 重视，欣赏，感激; approve 批准，通过，赞成;

　　approve of 赞成，满意; apply 应用，运用;

　　appeal 呼吁;申诉，上诉。

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　　15. Will you _C_ coming to dinner with me?

　　A have the pleasure of B give the pleasure in

　　C do me the pleasure of D take pleasure in

　　pleasure n. 荣幸; 第二选项的正确形式应为：give me the pleasure of

　　C选项也可写为：do me the favor of

　　18. _C_ Goul had said it, he knew what a mistake he had made.

　　A at once B No sooner C The moment D Hardly

　　以下几个引导词都可以表示一就：as soon as, the instant, the moment.

　　25. Norin received a bad wound _B_ the leg when he was shot at.

　　A on B in C at D of

　　表示身体某一部位受伤用介词in。 hit sb. in the face 打某人一个耳光。

　　28. Cork was angry; _D_ he listened to me.

　　A and B but C so D nevertheless

　　cork n. 软木塞。 nevertheless conj. 尽管如此。

　　34. That _A_ instrument can record even very slightly changes.

　　A delicate B feeble C sensible D feasible

　　instrument n. 仪器，乐器; delicate instrument 精密仪器。

　　delicate adj. 精密的，准确的; feeble adj. 软弱的，无力的; sensible adj. 明智的;

　　sensitive adj. 敏感的; be sensitive to 对很敏感; feasible adj. 可行的，行得通的。

　　40. Lets begin the lesson at the place where we _A_ last time.

　　A left off B left out C left to D left up

　　leave off 停止，中断; leave out = omit 遗漏;

　　43. Education does not _D_ simply _D_ learning a lot of facts.

　　A consist; of B consist; from C consist; for D consist; in

　　consist of 包括; consist in在于 = lie in在于。

　　49. There is no tree _A_ bears some fruit.

　　A but B which C that D unless

　　but用在否定句中并且后面引导一个句子时相当于that...not。

　　本句可改写为这种形式：There is no tree that does not bears some fruit.

　　50. Will you be able to finish the job this week? _D_.

　　A I dont know so B I cant say so C Im not sure so D I dont expect so

　　I dont expect so 恐怕不行。

　　394. I hope that John will play basketball tomorrow. Yes, I _D_.

　　A hope it too B hope too C hope that too D hope so too

　　395. I slipped on the stairs. I think my arm is broke. Oh, I _D_.

　　A do not hope so B do not hope C hope not so D hope not

　　肯定用：I hope so. 否定用：I hope not.

　　51. She died when she was ninety, not of old age, but _B_ head injury when she fell down a flight of stairs.

　　A of B from C with D for

　　die of 表示因年老，疾病或饥饿而死亡; die from 指因为受伤而死亡。

　　57. You have no busniess _D_ to me the way you did the other day.

　　A to be talked B being talked C to talk D talking

　　have no business doing sth. 没有理由做某事。

　　132. _B_ day Bill was starting his motor-bike when his sister Mary came out and asked for a lift.

　　A Some B The other C Another D On one

　　65. Id just as soon _A_ rudely to her.

　　A you didnt speak B that you dont speak

　　C that you wont speak D you hadnt speak

　　wish, would rather后面加句子，句子谓语动词用一般过去时。

　　would just as soon的用法与would rather完全相同。

　　69. Which screw do you want? _A_ will do.

　　A Any one B Not one C Everyone D Anyone

　　any one 任何一个; no one 没有人; everyone 每个人; anyone 任何人。

　　73. I suppose youre not serious, _C_?

　　A dont you B do I C are you D arent you

　　主、从句整体变反意疑问句时通常都与主句保持一致。

　　但suppose, think, believe, imagine这四个动词后面加了宾语从句，

　　然后对整个句子来变反意疑问句时反意疑问句部分与从句保持一致。

　　82. The chair belongs _B_ the corner.

　　A to B in C on D with

　　belong to 属于; belong in 在有适当的位置。

　　94. The terrible noise is _B_ me mad.

　　A turning B driving C setting D putting

　　drive sb. mad 使某人发疯。

　　114. We are bound _B_ with difficulties in our English study.

　　A to have met B to meet C meeting D having met

　　be bound to do sth. 一定会做某事。

　　118. Everyone assumed what he said _B_ based on facts.

　　A is B to be C were D being

　　assume sb.to do sth. 想当然的认为某人要做某事。

　　assume + that引导的从句。

　　129. The shape of Italy on a map has often been compared _C_ a long Wellington boot.

　　A as B with C to D against

　　compare与with搭配，表示将A与B进行比较; compare与to搭配，表示将A比作B。

　　130. Since everyone would like to find an apartment near the university, there are very few _C_ apartments in the area.

　　A free B empty C vacant D reserved

　　vacant adj. 空闲的。

　　144. I know Jonathan quite well and never doubt _B_ he can do a good job of it.

　　A whether B that C when D what

　　doubt + whether引导的从句，怀疑是否 doubt + that引导的从句。对...真的有疑虑。

　　156. Let bygones be bygones. Dont _D_ so much on the past.

　　A lie B lay C dwelt D dwell

　　let bygones be bygones. 让过去的过去吧。 dwell vi. 居住; dwell on 老是想着

　　162. Intellect is to the mind _B_ sight is to the body.

　　A which B what C where D but

　　what这时连接两个句子，表示有如或就像一样。

　　what只有用在这种A对于B来说就象C对于D一样句型当中时。

　　Air is to man what water is to the fish. 空气对于人类来说就象水对于鱼来说一样重要。

　　165. His honesty is _D_, nobody can doubt it.

　　A in question B beside the question C out of the question D without question

　　in question = under discussion 正在讨论中的; beside the question 离题，与题无关;

　　out of the question 不可能的; out of question 没有问题的，毫无疑问的;

　　without question 没有问题的，毫无疑问的 = out of question.

　　172. Nearly all major cities in the US are crime-ridden. New York is _A_.

　　A a case in point B a case to point C the case D in the case of

　　a case in point 有说服力的例子。

　　185. Frank is up late working again.

　　This is the third time this week hes had to study late, _A_?

　　A isnt it B hasnt it C isnt he D hasnt he

　　这里it是代词，指代前面整句话的内容。

　　表示第几次做某事变成反意疑问句经常用it指代整句话的内容。

　　252. This is the first time that he has felt really relaxed for months, _B_?

　　A hasnt he B isnt it C isnt he D hasnt it

　　191. A judge must be _B_ when weighing evidence.

　　A interested B disinterested C uninterested D disconnected

　　weigh vt. 斟酌，考虑; interested adj. 有兴趣的; disinterested adj. 公正的，无私的;

　　uninterested adj. 不感兴趣的; disconnected adj. 分离的，不连贯的。

　　217. Although he sometimes lost his temper, his pupils liked him _D_ for it.

　　A not so much B not so little C no more D no less

　　lose ones temper 发脾气。

　　222. Wise men seek after truth, _A_ fools desire knowledge.

　　A whereas B or C as well as D hence

　　whereas conj. 反之，但是。

　　239. Water and air are _D_ to living.

　　A independent B initial C dependent D indispensable

　　be indispensable to 至关重要的，不可或缺的;

　　240. This report throws light _B_ the situation.

　　A in B on C with D to

　　throw light on 把光投到上去，清楚的阐述。

　　246. _B_ that we will go abroad.

　　A Its like B Chances are C The most likely D Chances will be

　　chances are 很有可能 chances were 很有可能

　　253. Is there any chance _B_?

　　A whichever B whatsoever C wherever D whenever

　　whatsoever经常放在一些名词后面作后置定语，表示任何的或丝毫的。

　　whatsoever作后置定语通常放在有any的，或者是否定的句子中。

　　262. She is so clever as to speak several foreign languages, not to _D_ of English.

　　A say B tell C read D speak

　　not speak of 更不用说 = not to mention

　　270. What he did was _C_ than a practical joke.

　　A anything else B or else C nothing else D more else

　　practical joke 恶作剧; nothing else than 只不过，仅仅。

　　283. Ill be away for about six months but you can write to me _A_ my brother.

　　A in care of B by care of C with care of D under care of

　　in care of 由转交。 = C/O

　　284. Correct the errors, _D_, in the sentence.

　　A if there will be any B if there are some C if they have any D if any

　　if any是一个口语中经常加的插入语成分，表示如果说有的话。

　　288. There is no point _C_ in a dangerous place if you cant do anything _C_ the people who have to stay here.

　　A remaining helping B to remain to help

　　C in remaining to help D in remaining helping

　　there is no point in doing sth. 做某事也是毫无意义; 这里point表示作用，用途。

　　291. Do most of us seeing people grasp casually the outward features of a face and _D_?

　　A let it alone B let alone C let well alone D let it go at that

　　seeing people 视力健全的人; casually 随意地，随便地;

　　let is go at that表示不去多操心，不再多说，随它去了。

　　316. The policemen went into action _C_ they heard the alarm.

　　A presently B promptly C directly D quickly

　　directly adv. 直接的; conj. 一就 ，一当时候。

　　表示一就的几个短语：as soon as, the instant, the moment, directly.

　　323. The cat is, _D_, a member of the family.

　　A as to speak B no wonder C as a fact D so to speak

　　so to speak 可以这么说。

　　335. What can I do for you? If you _C_ see Mr. Keller, give him my regards.

　　A would B will C should D shall

　　regard n. 关心，致意，问候，考虑;

　　356. The Mayor and Corporation of Hamelin were _A_ for some way of ridding the town of rats.

　　A at their wits end B at their wits end C in their wits end D for their wits end

　　at ones wits end 智穷才竭，黔驴技穷。

　　383. I think your sister is old enough to know _B_ to spend all her money on fancy goods.

　　A other than B better than C rather than D more than

　　know better than 明白事理而不至于做

　　417. The police looked _B_ the past record of the suspect.

　　A in B into C for D of

　　suspect v. 猜疑，怀疑; n. 嫌疑犯。

　　look for 寻找; look in 顺便看望，顺便拜访; look into 观察，调查。