英语单词是构成语言的最小单位,没有单词难以成句,因此对学英语的人而言,掌握大量的单词是非常之必要的。现在的新课改教材更加大了对学生词汇量的要求,学生在学习过程中 往往靠死记硬背,今天背熟了,明天又忘了,然后又去背,学习很累,难以扩大词汇量,久而久之对学习英语失去信心。因此,教师在教学过程中应教给学生一些记忆单词的方法,以 激发学生的思维,培养他们理解、运用单词的能力。
一、读音记忆法
根据元音字母在重读与非重读音节,开音节与闭音节,一般读音与特别读音等不同情况进行列表记忆。如含有字母a的单词:
一 般 特 别
A
重
读 /ei/ name, gate, save, take, late have/ /
/ / and, bag, thank, had, bad
/ / what, watch, wash, want
/a:/ class, father, last, ask
/ e / any, many Water/ /
非
重
读 / / ago, again, arrive, above
/ i / village, passage, comrade
2. 根据字母组合 ea, oo, ee, ear, air, ph, ch, ck, ai, ay, ei, ey, igh, kn, ow, ou, or, ing, ar, al, oi, oy, th 等的读音规则进行记忆。如:
字母组合 读音 例 词
ea /i:/ beach, each, tea, meat, read
/e / head, ready, bread, weather
/ei/ break, great
oo /u:/ soon, moon, cool, noon, too
/u / book, cook, foot, wood, good
3. 对于一些长串字母组成的单词,可采用按读音分节的方法进行记忆。如:computer可分为com/k m/、pu/pju:/、ter/t /三部分,important可分为im/im/、por/p /、tant/t nt/三个部分,application可分为app/ p/、li/li/、ca/kei/、tion/ n/四个部分。
二、分类记忆法
英语词汇极其丰富,如果能把单词分门别类地进行记忆,是大有好处的。分类的方法因人而异,因爱好而异,灵活多样。如按词性分类,冠词、介词、连词和感叹词的数量不多,只 要分类编成卡片,便于记忆。按衣、食、住、行、天气、时间、娱乐、运动、动物、人物、科目、职业、学习用品等归类,也是很好的记忆方法。大类下面还可以分为小类,如时间的 分类
Time: century, year, season, month, week, day, night, hour, quarter, minute, second.
2. Seasons: spring, summer, autumn, winter.
3. Months: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December.
4. Week: Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday.
5. Days: the day before yesterday, yesterday, today, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow.
6. day and night: dawn, morning, noon, afternoon, evening, mid-night.
三、比较记忆法
同音词比较:I/eye, be/bee, for/four, their/there, meet/meat, son/sun, see/sea, no/know, father/farther, hear/here, right/write, buy/by, knew/new, our/hour, too/two, way/weigh, weather/whether
2. 同义词比较:also/too/either, ago/before/past, each/every/all, because/as/for, large/big/huge, road/way/street/path
3. 反义词比较:yes/no, come/go, old/new, right/wrong, up/down, young/old, left/right, above/below, after/before, good/bad, ugly/beautiful, buy/sell, begin/end, love/hate, long/short, heavy/light, large/small
4. 相同字母结构比较:way/may/day/lay/pay/say light/night/right/fight/sight/might station/vocation/operation/population/information bear/dear/ear/fear/hear/near/pear/tear/wear/year
5. 相同词缀比较:unable/unborn/unbroken/unclean/
uncomfortable/uncountable/uncover/unfair/unhappy/unknown
/unmoved/unsuccessful
四、联想记忆法
记一个单词可以联想到许多单词,不要单独记忆,和其它词联系起来就比较容易记忆。如:
与动作相关的人物联想。teach/teacher, work/worker, sing/singer, write/writer, play/player, clean/cleaner,read/reader, dance/dancer, build/builder
2. 可数名词相应复数的联想。pen/pens, day/days, factory/factories, box/boxes, bus/buses, watch/watches, knife/knives, man/men, radio/radios, tomato/tomatoes, sheep/sheep, child/children
3. 基数词对应的序数词联想。one/first, two/second, three/third, four/fourth, five/fifth, eight/eighth, nine/ninth, twelve/twelfth, twenty/twentieth, thirty-six/thirty-sixth
4. 动词几种形式的联想。do/does/doing/did/done, have/has/having/had/had, get/gets/getting/got/got
5. 形容词、副词比较级最高级的联想。long/longer/longest, late/later/latest, big/bigger/biggest, happy/happier/happiest, interesting/more interesting/most interesting, good(well)/better/best, many(much)/more/most
6. 合成词的联想。homework/home/work, afternoon/after/noon, Sunday/sun/day, classroom/class/room, football/foot/ball, something/some/thing, playground/play/ground, newspaper/news/paper
五、图表记忆法
分 类 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
人称
代词 主格 I we you you he she it They
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