英语学习之没有被动语态的及物动词

有的及物动词都可转换成相应的被动语。其实不然，至少在某种意义上，有些及物动词不能用于被动语态。

　　一、当句子的谓语是表示拥有、容纳、缺少概念的及物动词时。例如：

　　1.The millionaire possesses great wealth.这位百万富翁拥有大量的财富。

　　不能说：Great wealth is possessed by the millionaire.

　　2.The newly-constructed reservoir holds a lot of water.新水库蓄水量很大。

　　不能说：A lot of water is held by the newly-constructed reser-voir.

　　3.The house comprises five rooms.这幢房子有五个房间。

　　不能说：Five rooms are comprised by the house.

　　4，John Smith always lacks confidence.约翰史密斯总是缺乏自信心。

　　不能说：Confidence is always lacked by John Smith.

　　二、当句子的谓语是表示适合的及物动词，如suit，become，fit等时，没有相应的被动语态。

　　1.The blue skirt becomes Mary very well.这条蓝裙子玛丽穿上去很合适。

　　不能说：Mary is become very well by the blue skirt.

　　2.Will the date suit you?这个日子对你合适吗?

　　不能说：Will you be suited by the date?

　　3.We should fit our deeds to our words.我们应该言行一致。

　　不能说：Our deeds should be fitted to our words by us.

　　三、当句子的谓语是表示相互作用的及物动词，如：equal，mean，resemble等时。

　　1.No one equals him in intelligence.他的智力是无与伦比的。

　　不能说：He is equaled by no one in intelligence.

　　2.Revolution means liberating productive force.革命就是解放生产力。

　　不能说：Liberating productive force is meant by revolution.

　　3.The two boys resemble each other in appearance.这两个男孩长得相似。

　　不能说：Each other is resembled by the two boys in appearance.

　　四、当句子的谓语是表示明白意义的及物动词，如：get，catch，take时，也没有相应的被动语态。

　　1.The boy said，I didnt catch the last two words.这个男孩说：我没听清楚最后两个词。

　　不能说：The boy said，The last two words werent caught by me.

　　2.I dont take you at all.你说的我一点也不懂。

　　不能说：You arent taken by me at all.

　　五、动词have作有、接受、度过、吃、经历解时，没有被动语态。

　　1.I have five good dictionaries.我有五本好词典。

　　不能说：Five good dictionaries are had by me.

　　2.I had three letters from Mr.Green.我收到过格林先生三封信。

　　不能说：Three letters were had by me from Mr.Green.

　　3.We shall have a good Spring Festival.我们将过一个愉快的春节。

　　不能说：A good Spring Festival will be had by us.

　　4.I usually have breakfast at half past six.我通常六点半吃早饭。

　　不能说：Breakfast is usually had by me at half past six.

　　六、当及物动词last表示持续、经久的含义时，也没有相应的被动语态。

　　This coat has lasted me five years.这件外衣我已穿了五年。

　　不能说：I have been lasted five years by this coat.

　　七、及物动词cost表示价值、花费意义时，没有被动语态。

　　That project cost them too much in man-power，material and money.那项工程耗费了他们大量的人力、物力和财力。

　　不能说：They were cost too much in manpower，material and money by the project.

　　八、及物动词befall表示临到头上，发生于之意时，没有被动语态。

　　A succession of misfortunes befell the poor little girl.这个可怜的女孩遭受了种种不幸。

　　不能说：The poor little girl was befallen by a succession of misfortunes.

　　综上所述，并非所有的及物动词都可用于被动语态。所以我们要仔细辨析，以免用错。