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英语学习之四级英语中的情态动词

发布时间:2016-03-02  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  1. 形式: 情态动词 + 动词原形do;

  情态动词 + 动词完成进行时have been doing;

  情态动词 + 动词完成时have done

  2. 特点:

  1) 不管哪一种形式,情态动词的词义都在句中起作用。

  2) 情态动词的过去时、现在时没有太大的时间性区别,只是情态动词的过去时用得相对较多,语气比现在时更客气、委婉、缓和。

  例: I was wondering if you would like to have dinner with me tonight.

  3) 都表示在一定时间对发生和出现的事情进行推测、猜测、判断等。

  a) 对现在的事情进行把握较大的判断时

  肯定判断一般用must加动词原形,此时,must不再表示必须,而是表示肯定。

  否定判断时一般用cant加动词原形,此时,can不再表示能够,而是表示肯定不、肯定没有。

  例: He cant be in his own dorm. He must be in Xiao Wangs dorm. Listen! Thats hes singing.唱歌。)

  b) 对过去的事情进行把握较大的判断时

  肯定判断一般用must加动词的完成时形式,同样,must不再表示必须,而是表示肯定。

  例:1989年1月四级第41题

  Marys score on the test is the highest in her class; she ____ have studied very hard.

  A) may B) should C) must D) ought to

  全句的意思是玛丽考试成绩全班第一,她学习 很刻苦。空格后的动词用的是完成式,表示已经发生的动作。结合选项可知,空格中要填入一个情态动词,表示说话人对玛丽考试能取得好成绩的原因的推测。因此答案是C) must。

  否定判断时一般用cant加动词的完成时形式,同样,can不再表示能够,而是表示肯定不、肯定没有。

  例:1996年1月四级第23题

  You _____ her in here office last Friday; shes been out of town for two weeks.

  A) neednt have seen   B) must have seen

  C) might have seen D) cant have seen

  我们可以推断出全句的意思是:上星期五你不可能在她办公室见到她,她去外地已经两个星期了。根据全句意思判断,本题答案是D) cant have seen。情态动词can用于这一意思时,只能用于否定句或疑问句。

  例:1996年6月四级第31题

  The room is in terrible mess; it _________ cleaned.

  A) cant have been B) shouldnt have been

  C) mustnt have been D) wouldnt have been

  句子前半部分房间乱极了是前提,后半部分应该是对这种情况做出一种猜测性判断。答案是A,表示不可能打扫国是正确答案。选项C) mustnt have been的否定形式应为cant have been。选项B) shouldnt have been意为不应该打扫过,而实际上已经打扫过了,跟句意不符。

  c) 对现在的事情进行把握较小的判断

  肯定一般用may加动词原形,此时,may不再表示可以,而是表示可能。

  否定判断时一般用may not加动词原形。

  She may not be annoyed because she is very patient.

  d) 对现在的事情进行把握更小的判断

  肯定判断一般用might加动词原形;

  否定判断时一般用might not加动词原形。

  She might not be annoyed because she usually is very patient.

  e) 对过去的事情进行把握较小的判断时一般用may加动词的完成时形式,同样,may不再表示可以,而是表示可能。对过去事情进行把握较小的否定判断时一般用加动词的完成时形式。

  例:He may have gone back home, because he didnt say he would take part in her birthday party.

  f) 对过去的事情进行把握更小的判断

  肯定判断一般用might加动词的完成时形式;

  例:She was thankful that shed had her baby in hospital; otherwise, she thought, the baby _____.

  A) died B) had died C) might have died D) might die

  答案是C。

  否定判断时一般用might not加动词的完成时形式。

  g) 用neednt have done来表示没有必要

  例:1991年6月四级第53题

  You ______ all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of thing.

  A) neednt have done B) shouldnt have done

  C) must not have doneD) cannot have done

  后面一句是说:这类计算我们由计算机来做。按后面一句的意思来推测,前面是讲:你已经做了全部计算,这是没有必要的。Neednt 后面接动词完成式正是表示这种意思, 所以答案是A。

  3. would的用法:

  1) 用于提出提议或邀请

  例:Would you like to change a seat? Its warmer here.

  Would you prefer a hardback edition?

  2) 用于提出客气的要求或请求:

  例:I would like you to fetch that document for me now.

  I would like to know more about your plan.

  3) would you mind + doing句型通常用于表示请求对方做一件有一定麻烦的事情,语气一般都非常客气。注意回答时通常是肯定的,以表示愿意做所要求的事情。

  例:Would you mind filling in this form?

  Would you mind repeating what you just said?

  4) 用于委婉地表示自己的意见:

  例:I would think the journey will take something like two weeks.

  I would look at the problem a little differently.

  5) 用于表示过去经常性的行为或动作:

  例:The retired captain would sit hours on end watching ships sailing past.

  He would go to bed strictly at 9, and on Sundays would not have lunch anywhere except in that restaurant.

  4. should的用法:

  1) 用于表示应该或不应该的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈:

  例:You should be here with clean hands.

  例:1989年1月四级第45题

  With all this work on hand, he _______ to the cinema last night.

  A) mustnt  B) oughtnt to go

  C) wouldnt go   D) shouldnt have gone

  全句的意思是:他手头又这么多工作,昨夜不该看电影。本句表达的是昨天已经发生但去不该发生的事情,所以应该用情态动词should的否定式,后接动词的完成式。因而答案是D) shouldnt have gone。

  2) 用于提出意见劝导别人:

  例:It would be better if the three of you should work as a team.

  To keep your work, you should prove yourself a resourceful investigator.

  3) 委婉地对别人提出建议或劝告通常用I should / shouldnt if I were you句型:

  例:I should hand in a typewritten paper if I were you.

  I shouldnt worry at all if I were you.

  4) 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一:

  例:We should arrive by supper time.

  She should be here any moment.

  5) 在以in case或 if引导的从句中,常用should表达一定程度的可能性。

  例:I will get some beer ready in case Uncle John should come.

  If you should happen to see Mary, give her this package.

  6) 用于表示一种惊讶的语气,should的这一用法也是考试中常常出现的考点之一:

  例: It is unthinkable that a strong character like Nancy should find a weak-willed man acceptable.

  I was shocked that she should have said such a thing to you.

  语法结构综述

  语法结构

  在大学英语四六级考试中,虽然题目千变万化,但是万变不离其宗,只要仔细分析,就会发现这些题目其实基本上都是时态、语态、条件句和虚拟语气、非谓语动词、倒装句、简单句和复合句的各种变化形式。其中,前四项是每一个考生必须掌握的四大语法点。下面我们按照重要性顺序谈一谈这些语法。

  

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