2012年12月英语四级翻译技巧
句子翻译的常用技巧
英语和汉语是两种差异比较大的语言,英语重形合,汉语重 意合。有人把英语句子比喻为树木丛生、干枝纠缠的树林,脉络难析,主次难辨,而把汉语句子比喻为枝干分明的竹林,脉络清晰,主次易辨。翻译时,根 据表达习惯,英语、汉语的句子结构有时需要进行相应的转换。英汉语复合句中主句和从句之间的时间顺序和逻辑顺序也不完全一致,因此,翻译时,也时常需要根 据表达习惯,对句序进行相应的调整。
现代翻译理论认为,句子是最重要的翻译单位。大学英语四级考试中的翻译题型也是以句子翻译为主。考生如果能够熟练掌握句子翻译的基本方法,那么对于处理四级考试中的句子翻译题必将是如虎添翼。本期着重介绍常用的句子翻译方法:正反、反正表达法,分句、合句法。
正反、反正表达法
由于民族文化和思维方式不同,英汉两种语言在表达同一概念时所采用的方式就有所不同。在表达否定概念时,英语和汉语使用的词汇、语法、语言逻辑就有很大的差 异。汉语中有些词、短语或者句子是从反面表达的,而译成英语时则需要从正面进行表达,如例1、例2、例3。反之,汉语中有些从正面表达的词、短语或者句 子,译成英语时需要从反面进行表达,如例4、例5、例6。此外,汉语还有一些特殊的句子结构,如双重否定(例7)、否定转移(例8)在译成英语时也需要引起我们的注意。
I.汉语从反面表达,译文从正面表达
例1:他提出的论据相当不充实。
译文:The argument he put forward is pretty thin. (词)
例2:我们确信,年轻一代将不会辜负我们的信任。
译文:We are confident that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust. (短语)
例3:他七十岁了,可是并不显老。
译文:He was 70, but he carried his years lightly. (句子)
II.汉语从正面表达,译文从反面表达
例4:他这个人优柔寡断,而且总是反复无常。
译文:He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious. (词)
例5:调查结果清清楚楚地显示病人死于心脏病。
译文:The investigation left no doubt that the patient had died of heart disease. (短语)
例6:这类举动迟早会被人发觉的。www.233.com考试就上考试大
译文:Such actions couldnt long escape notice. (句子)
III.特殊的否定句式
例7:有利必有弊。
译文:There is not any advantage without disadvantage. (双重否定)
例8:我们在那个城市从未因为是犹太人而遭受歧视。
译文:In that city, we had never suffered discrimination because we were Jews. (否定转移)
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