四级汉译英的解题方法举例分析(3)

　　3.The victim _________________ if he had been taken to hospital in time.

　　[解题步骤]:

　　第一步：由The victim_________________ if he had been taken to hospital in time.可以推出，划线处应该填写谓语动词和宾语使得主句完整，并且主句形式、时态根据后面的if he had been taken to hospital in time确定应该采取虚拟语气，是对过去的虚拟。

　　第二步：划分成分本来会有机会活下来

　　核心谓语动词是本来有机会------，活下来作宾语。

　　第三步：

　　1.切块对应翻译：本来有机会------= would have a chance to do sth，活下来=survive

　　2.重新组合：would have a chance to survive.

　　[正确答案]：would have/stand a chance to survive/of survival

　　[翻 译]：如果遇难者被及时送往医院的话，他本来会有机会活下来的。

　　[考察知识点]：[虚拟语气]与过去相反的虚拟语气，从句用had done，主句用would have done

　　有机会做某事：have/stand a chance to do sth/of sth----

　　[语法讲解]：虚拟语气

　　考生应该注意以下几种虚拟语气的形式：

　　第一种：由 if 引导的虚拟句子

　　1. 与现在的事实相反：[If --- + were/did---, --- + would do---]

　　If I were you , I would marry him.

　　如果我是你,就会嫁给他。

　　2. 与过去的事实相反：[If --- + had done---, --- +would have done---]

　　If you had worked hard , you would have passed the exam.

　　如果你用功学习,就会通过考试了。

　　3. 与将来的事实可能相反：[If ---+ should do---, ---+ would do---]

　　If it should rain tomorrow , what would you do ?

　　如果明天下雨,你怎么办?

　　第二种：用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中

　　从句谓语形式为：--- + do sth 。

　　类似用法的动词有：

　　insist , suggest , order , propose , demand , command , advise , desire , request , require , ask , prefer , recommend , arrange , advocate ,maintain等后面的宾语从句中。

　　第三种：用在It + be + important + that ---结构中的that 引导的主语从句中

　　第四种：用在It is time that --- 结构中, 表示该干某事了, 含建议的意思, 用动词过去式。

　　It is time we went to bed .

　　咱们该睡觉了。

　　注意: time 前可加about 或high 等。