5) 顺序法
顺序法翻译不改变原文表达语序,不会影响对原文内容的理解。
例1 即使在我们关掉床头灯甜甜地进入梦乡时,电仍然为我们工作:开动电冰箱,把水加热,或使室内空调机继续运转。
译文: Even when we turn off the bedside lamp and are fast asleep , electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.
在句子中,句子前半部分是一个让步状语从句,后半句的开动,加热,使......运转都是电在为我们工作的具体内容。因而在译文中,译者将这三个并行动作处理成了V-ing 形式,补充说明working的内容。译文按照原句的语序完全传达了原文的意思,采用顺序法翻译,达到了精确,通顺的目的。
例2 It was a Saturday evening, when Tom was lying on the bench of the school listening to a blackbird and composing a lyric, that he saw the girls running among the trees, with the red-cheeked Joe in swift pursuit.
译文: 那是周六的傍晚,汤姆正躺在学校的长凳上,一面听画眉鸟唱歌,一面写一首抒情诗,忽然看见女孩子们在树林里奔跑,后面紧跟着那红脸的乔。
原句里一连串出现了一系列的动词如:lying, listening, composing, saw,这是按汤姆进行这些动作的先后顺序来描述的,如果在译文中打乱这些顺序,就反而会显得凌乱,没有逻辑。
6)逆序法
逆序法根据目标语使用者表达习惯与目标语读者的认知能力,按原文语序反向翻译,以便更好地传达原文的内容。
例3 他经常做礼拜的时候,总坐在固定的座位上,可是那天他们发现他不坐在老地方。
请读者比较下面两句译文,你认为哪一句较好?
译文1:When he attended worship, he always took a certain seat, but they found that he took a different one that day.
译文2:They remarked how he took a different seat from that which he usually occupied when he chose to attend worship.
两种译文都忠实传达了原文内容。第一种为顺序翻译,第二种为逆序翻译。第一种显得有些冗长拖沓,且前后简单句主语不一致,给人表述混乱之感。第二种由于采用了逆序法将原句意思用一个复合句表达出来,内容清晰,结构紧凑。
顺序法和逆序法主要是针对翻译长句而言,六级新题型汉译英题不会涉及此类译法,但作为翻译策略之一,应有所了解。
Exercise Three
1.We wish to convey to you ________________ .
2. __________________,they ought to be given another chance.
3. ________________,.they forgot their bitter sufferings.
4.We must _______________the demands of our times; otherwise well fall behind the other industrialized nations of the world.
5.The number of the students in the city has ___________________ in comparison with 2001.
1. our hearty congratulations
解析:全句意为:我们希望向你表达我们衷心的祝福。主要考查词是衷心的。hearty 表示发自内心的,衷心的,亲切的,热烈的意思。如:a hearty welcome;a hearty invitation;a hearty support某事可以说成:wish to do sth./ wish + sth.
2. Taking everything into consideration
解析:本题考查的是反面表达法。无论从哪一方面考虑即:方方面面都考虑到。考虑的短语表达有:take sth. into consideration /take sth. into account 。因为此句主句已给出,所以take应用现在分词的形式,在句中作原因状语。本句采用反译法,使译文符合英文表达习惯。
3. With the passage of time
解析: 本题是考查固定搭配,时间流逝应译为 the passing / passage of time ,随着应选用介词with,请看例句:We grow older with the hours.
4. adapt ourselves to
解析:本句意为:我们必须使自己适应这个时代的要求,否则就会落后于世界其他工业国家。主要考查使......适应 的用法:adapt to / adapt sb. to,如:adapt themselves to city life;You should adapt yourself to the new environment.。adapt 除了有使适应含义外,还有改编,改写之意。考生也常将adapt 和 adopt相混淆。adopt有采纳,接受,领养之意。
5. increased 6 times
解析:本题考查关于倍数的说法。增加了5倍即增加到6倍。用times与fold表示增加时,要注意英语要多说一倍。如Output of coal increased four times.。
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