1. The murderer deserves _______________(被绞死).
2. _______________(他们来帮忙)encouraged me.
3. I was sorry ________________(没看上这部电影).
4. In this night,if we can make good use of time,_______________(当然毫无疑问地我们会成功).
5. The government should enforce laws strictly. On the other hand,the public also should ________________(培养减少污染的好习惯).
答案与解析:
1. hanging/ to be hanged
本题既可以用V-ing也可以用动词不定式。除deserve外,need,require,want后也可以跟主动语态的动名词,但含义却是被动的。如:Your windows need cleaning.(你的窗户需要擦。)His story requires investigating.(他说的话需要调查核实。)Your shoes want polishing.(你的鞋需要擦。)与这类用法很类似的是形容词worth后接动名词,其含义也属于被动。如:Your method is worth trying.(你的办法值得一试。)The novel is worth reading.(这本小说值得一读。)
2. Their coming to help
原中文句是一个完整的 主、谓、宾 结构,但这种汉语语法结构按照字面直接译成英语They came to help的话,就不符合英语语法规范,因为后半句已经出现了谓语动词encouraged,所以这里我们要采用词性转译法,把 他们来帮忙 处理成动名词作主语的形式。其实,还有一种方法是把 他们来帮忙 处理成that引导的主语从句That they came to help,在句子作主语。
3. to have missed this film
本题考查了反译法和不定式完成时的用法。 没看上这部电影,所以我才感到遗憾 ,因此动作发生在谓语动词之前,所以要用完成时态。如果用正译法将句子需填入部分译成not to have seen this film就不符合英语表达习惯,没有答案的效果好。
4. there can surely be no doubt that we will succeed
in this light是一个惯用表达,意思是 这样说来 ;make good use of指 善用时间 。如果将原文译成there can be no doubt that we would succeed,就只将 毫无疑问 译了出来,却没能体现 当然 。那么在there can结构中 当然 应该放在什么位置呢?通常surely/ certainly都放在情态动词之后,系动词之前。注意: 成功 也可以说get somewhere;反之,不成功、一事无成、毫无进展就用get nowhere。如:The new policy will get the company nowhere.(新的政策将使公司前途晦暗。)
5. develop the good habit of reducing pollution
本题考查词义辨析。 培养 的英文对应词是cultivate,但cultivate是指通过犁地等来耕作土地或指对人的养育、培育,如:to cultivate a love of art(培养对艺术的爱好);to cultivate a new generation(培育新一代)。句中的意思是说,政府应严格执法,另一方面,大众也应该养成减少污染的好习惯。 习惯 是要大众自己养成的,而不是说大众要培养什么其他人,所以应用develop这个词,表示逐渐形成,使行为朝着某一特定目标发展。
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