四级翻译四大难点解密

　　一、四级核心词组：

　　例如have difficulty/trouble (in) doing something(做某事有困难)已经考过三次，需要注意的是，in可以省略，后面要使用动词的动名词形式。

　　1)Having spent some time in the city， he had no trouble (找到去历史博物馆的路).

　　解析：答案为(in) finding the way to the Museum of History，历史博物馆最好译为the Museum of History，专有名词注意大小写。

　　2)Soon after he transferred to the new school， Ali found that he had (很难跟上班里的同学)in math and English.

　　解析：答案为difficulty in catching up with his classmates，此题也考察了catch up with(跟上)这一四级核心词组。

　　3)Because of noise outside， Nancy had great difficulty (集中注意力在实验上).

　　解析：答案为(in) focusing/concentrating on her experiment，此题亦考察focus/concentrate on(集中注意力)这一四级核心词组。

　　二、倒装句：考过三次，需要注意的前半句与后半句时态应前后呼应。

　　1)大纲样题88题：Not only (他向我收费过高)， but he didnt do a good repair job either.

　　解析：答案为did he charge me too much/overcharge me，本句后半句使用了一般过去时，前半句也应使用一般过去时，not only放在句首引导倒装句。收费过多可译为overcharge me或charge me too much.。

　　2)(直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill.

　　解析：答案为Not until he had accomplished his mission，此题后半句使用一般过去时，前半句动作发生在后半句之前，应使用过去完成时。Not until放在句首引导倒装句，完成使命应译为accomplish the mission。

　　3)The manager never laughed; neither (她也从来没有发过脾气).

　　解析：答案为did she lose her temper，前半句使用一般过去时，后半句也应使用一般过去时。发脾气应译为lose ones temper，neither放在句首引导倒装句。

　　三、被动语态：考过六次

　　1)Though a skilled worker，(他被公司解雇了)last week because of the economic crisis.

　　解析：答案为he was fired by the company，需要注意的是，本句应使用一般过去时。

　　2)Many Americans live on credit， and their quality of life (是用他们能够借到多少来衡量)， not how much they can earn.

　　解析：答案为is measured by how much they can borrow，用来衡量应译为is measuered by;by后面接how much引导的宾语从句。

　　3)Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research (能应用于新技术的开发)

　　解析：答案为can be applied to the development of new technology，应用于应译为be applied to。

　　4)The anti-virus agent was not known (直到一名医生偶然发现了他).

　　解析：答案为until it was accidently found by a doctor，本句使用被动语态更加地道，偶然可译为accidentally或by accident。

　　5)The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is (与缺乏锻炼密切相关).

　　解析：答案为closely related to the lack of exercise，与密切相关应译为be closely related to;缺乏锻炼译为the lack of exercise。

　　6)We look forward to (被邀请出席开幕式).

　　解析：答案为being invited to attend the opening ceremony。本句前半句出现了look forward to，此处的to为介词，后面应使用动名词形式;被邀请应译为be invited to;出席应译为attend;开幕式译为opening ceremony。

　　四、虚拟语气：考过五次。

　　最常考的考点有两个：一是require或suggest等动词+that引导的建议句型，后面应使用should+动词原形，should可以省略;二是从句使用if引导的过去完成时，主句使用would+现在完成时。

　　1)The professor required that(我们交研究报告)by Wednesday.

　　解析：答案为we hand in our research report (s)。前半句使用requeire+that引导的建议句型，属于虚拟语气的一种。后半句应使用should+动词原形，should可以省略。研究报告使用单复数均可。

　　2)The victim (本来有机会活下来)if he had been taken to hospital in time.

　　解析：答案为would have had a chance to survive/of survival。后半句是条件状语从句，使用了过去完成时，前半句主句应使用would+现在完成时。活下来可译为to survive 或of survival作后置定语。

　　3)If he had returned an hour earlier， Mary (就不会被大雨淋了).

　　解析：答案为wouldnt have been caught by the heavy rain。前半句是条件状语从句，使用了过去完成时，后半句主句应使用would+现在完成时。大雨应译为heavy rain。

　　4)You would not have failed if you (按照我的指令去做).

　　解析：答案为had followed my instructions。前半句主句出现了would+现在完成时，后半句条件状语从句应使用过去完成时。按照应译为follow;指令译为 instruction。

　　5)It is suggested that the air conditioner (要安装在窗户旁边).

　　解析：答案为(should) be fixed/installed beside the window。前半句使用了it is suggested that引导的建议句型，属于特殊虚拟语气的一种，后半句应使用should+动词原形。安装应译为fix或install;在窗户旁边译为 beside the window。