汉语无主句译成英语被动句
汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了可用英语无主句、There be...结构或者根据情景补出语境来翻译之外,运用被动语态来翻译也是常用技巧。
例1 ____________(利用电脑)to collect the data much better.
译文:Computer is used
例2 没有能量,没法做功。
译文:No work can be done without energy.
例3 通常六点半开灯。
译文:The lights are usually turned on at 6:30.
这三句都没有讲明动作的主语是谁,因此考试的时候翻译成英语时最好的办法是运用被动语态。
被动语态是一个独立的语态,而不是由主动语态转变而来的从属性语态。主动句与被动句的转换是受到词汇和结构等因素的限制的。汉译英时不能拘泥于原结构,要摆脱原句状态的局限,采用灵活多样的翻译技巧。但是,考生一定要在语态选择中注意以下这两点:
第一,有一些动词和词组不能用于被动语态。它们是:come true,consist of,take place,happen,become,rise,occur,belong,break out,appear,arrive,die,fall,last,exist,fail,succeed等。
例4 __________(这件事发生)before liberation
译文:This took place
第二,下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义,而且常与well,quite,easily,badly等副词连用。它们是:wash(洗),sell(卖),read(读),wear(穿),blame(责备),ride(乘坐),write(写)等。
例5 Glass breaks easily.
译文:玻璃容易被碰碎。
例6 The car rides smoothly.
译文:这车走起来很稳。
例7 The book sells well.
译文:这本书很畅销。
例8 He is to blame.
译文:他应该受到责备。
例9 The pen writes well.
译文:这支钢笔很好写。
例10 This fabric will wash.
译文:这种织物很耐洗。
Exercise Eleven
1. The professor required that ________________ (我们交研究报告)by Wednesday.
2. Though a skilled worker, _______________ (他被公司解雇了)last week because of the economic crisis.
3. It was reported that 65% of traffic accidents in this city _______________ (是由行车不慎造成的).
4. ________________(希特勒是武装到牙齿的)when he launched the Second World War,but in a few years,he was completely defeated.
5.They are having a discussion ________________(目的是寻找改善质量的途径).
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