研英翻译重难点详解：省略(1)

　　英语中词的省略现象很多。其目的是为了符合英语表达习惯和修辞特点。省略词语决不是可以随意增删词句，而是要必须遵循以下几条原则：

　　1) 可有可无的，或是多余的。

　　2) 省略的词义已经体现在上下文中。

　　阅读时，必须根据上下文找出英语中省略的词语翻译时再根据汉语的习惯进行适当增补。

　　1.Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of setting their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won. And not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right.

　　分析：介词短语by seeing which side前省略了setting their disputes。seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side与saying that that side which has killed most has won是介词by后的两个并列成分。

　　译文：打仗意味着残杀，。文明的民族应该能够找到某种解决争端的方法，而不是通过看哪一方能消灭另一方更多的人，然后说杀人最多的一方获胜来解决争端。胜者不仅胜了，而且还因为胜利而有理。

　　2. Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown.

　　分析：这是一个由but连接的并列句。其中第二个分句的主语是一个主语从句。由于该主语从句的主谓宾与第一个分句相同，所以被全部省略。只剩下疑问副词how。

　　译文：任何东西，从宇宙射线到辐射，以至日常饮食，都可能激活潜伏的致癌基因，但如何激活的，仍然不得而知。

　　3. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn expect to the nearest cabin or settlement.

　　分析：在时间、地点、条件、让步、方式状语从句中，如果从句的主语与主句的主语相同(或为it)，而从句的谓语又含有be，则可以省略主语+be