四级听力短文理解模拟训练第34套

　　英语四级听力短文理解模拟训练第34套

　　短文理解试题

　　Passage One

　　26. A) There were no planets without moons.

　　B) There was no air or water on Jupiter.

　　C) Life was not possible in outer space.

　　D) The mystery of life could not be resolved.

　　27. A) It has a number of active volcanoes.

　　B) It has an atmosphere like the earths

　　C) It has a large ocean under its surface.

　　D) It has deep caves several miles long.

　　28. A) Light is not an essential element to it.

　　B) Life can form in very hot temperatures.

　　C) Every form of life undergoes evolution.

　　D) Oxygen is not needed for some life forms.

　　听力答案及讲解

　　26、听音指导预览选项，可知本题考查细节事实题。鉴于此题位于本短文的第一题，答案应在最初几句中找到，具体的说，是在开头30秒。选项D与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。听音时关注no planets，no air or water还是no life。

　　正确项分析第一题问的是科学家曾经相信什么事实?那么根据我们的理解，应该是他们认为外太空不可能存在生命。这个答案出现在原文的第二句，原文是 Until recently, scientists believed that life on other planets was just a hopeful dream，意为科学家们认为在其他星球上存在生命只不过是个充满希望的梦。故选择C项。

　　27、听音指导通过选项即可确定本题为对于某一事物的细节描述题，所以首先要解决各选项中it所指的内容。由第一题选项可初步推测，本题很可能考查的是对一个星球的描述。

　　正确项分析问题为科学家在木卫二星球上找到什么，那么应该是Space probes have provided evidence that Europa has a large ocean under its surface，意为航空观测镜发现了星球表面下有个大的海洋。C选项与原文一模一样。

　　28、听音指导根据惯例，最后一个问题答案出现在篇章结束前三十秒左右，选项均涉及生命形成因素，分别为light，hot temperatures，evolution和oxygen，根据这些信息，可轻易在短文结束前找到答案。

　　正确项分析注意转折连词but前后，原文为Until recently, scientists thought that light was essential. But now, places have been found on earth that are in total blackness such as caves several miles beneath the ocean. And bacteria, primitive forms of life, have been seen there。意为科学家一直以为光是很重要的，但是现在他们发现完全黑暗的地方比如几英里深的洞里，也有生命，即细菌。可见，光不是必备因素，选项A正确。

　　听力原文

　　Passage 1

　　Since early times, people have been fascinated with the idea of life existing somewhere else besides earth. Until recently, scientists believe that life on other planets was just a hopeful dream. But now they are beginning to locate places where life could form. In 1997, they saw evidence of planets near other stars like the sun. But scientists now think that life could be even nearer in our own solar system. One place scientists are studying very closely is Europa, a moon of Jupiter. Space probes have provided evidence that Europa has a large ocean under its surface. The probes have also made scientists think that under its surface Europa has a rocky core giving off volcanic heat. Water and heat from volcanic activity are two basic conditions needed for life to form. A third is certain basic chemicals such as carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. Scientists believe there might be such chemicals lying at the bottom of Europas ocean. They may have already created life or may be about to. You may wonder if light is also needed for life to form. Until recently, scientists thought that light was essential. But now, places have been found on earth that are in total blackness such as caves several miles beneath the surface. And bacteria, primitive forms of life, have been seen there. So the lack of light in Europas sub-surface ocean doesnt automatically rule out life forming.

　　Questions26 to 28

　　26. What did scientists once believe according to the passage?

　　27. What have scientists found about Europa, a moon of Jupiter?

　　28. What have scientists come to know recently about formation of life?

　　短文理解试题

　　Passage Two

　　29. A) Whether they should take the child home.

　　B) What Dr. Meyers instructions exactly were.

　　C) Who should take care of the child at home.

　　D) When the child would completely recover.

　　30. A) She encourages them to ask questions when in doubt.

　　B) She makes them write down all her instructions.

　　C) She has them act out what they are to do at home.

　　D) She asks them to repeat what they are supposed to do.

　　31. A) It lacks the stability of the printed word.

　　B) It contains many grammatical errors.

　　C) It is heavily dependent on the context.

　　D) It facilitates interpersonal communication.

　　听力答案及讲解

　　29、听音指导浏览四个选项，应注意到都为wh-开头的疑问词，且提到了医生和孩子，take care of 以及recover，可初步推测此题涉及的场景为医院，病人为孩子。

　　正确项分析问题为孩子的家人因为什么而争论，原文为the family asked her to settle an argument theyd been having over exactly what advice she had given，意为亲属们就医生到底讲过什么建议争论不休，问医生如何解决。选项B中的instructions与原文的advice同义，选项B正确。

　　30、听音指导由第一题的选项可很有把握地推测she指代的是Doctor Myer，而与医生相对的多半为病人。注意关键词ask question，write down，act out和repeat。

　　正确项分析玛雅医生如何确定病人完全明白了自己的建议呢?原文为She asks them to tell her what they think they are supposed to do，原文的 tell her与选项D中的关键词repeat一致，选项D为正确答案。

　　31、听音指导本题为短文最后一题，应在文章最后出现。需要注意关键字stability，errors，context和communication。

　　正确项分析此题是典型的篇章问题考法。答案出现在结尾处，问题是作者对于人类口语交流 总结了什么。原文为human speech lacks the stability and permanence of the printed word，与选项A一致。

　　听力原文

　　Passage 2

　　In her early days as an emergency room physician, Doctor Joanna Myer treated a child who had suffered a second degree burn. After the child had been treated and was being prepared for discharge, Doctor Myer talked to the parents about how they should care for the child at home. Also listening to her were a half a dozen other family members. A few hours later, when she came to say goodbye, the family asked her to settle an argument theyd been having over exactly what advice she had given. As I talked to them, I was amazed. she said, All of them had heard the simple instructions I have given just a few hours before, but they have three or four different versions. The most basic details were unclear and confusing. I was surprised, because these were intelligent people. This episode gave Doctor Myer her first clue to something every doctor learns sooner or later- most people just dont listen very well. Nowadays, she says she repeats her instructions, and even conducts a reality check with some patients. She asks them to tell her what they think they are supposed to do. She also provides take-home sheets which are computer printouts tailored to the patients situation. Doc. Myers listeners are not unusual. When new or difficult material is presented, almost all listeners are faced with the challenge because human speech lacks the stability and permanence of the printed word. Oral communication is fast-moving and impermanent.

　　Question 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard：

　　29. What did the childs family members argue about in the hospital?

　　30. What did Doc. Myer do to insure her patients understand her instructions?

　　31. What does the speaker say about human speech?

　　Passage Three

　　短文理解试题

　　Passage 3

　　32. A) Job security.

　　B) Good labour relations.

　　C) Challenging work.

　　D) Attractive wages and benefits.

　　33. A) Many tedious jobs continue to be done manually.

　　B) More and more unskilled workers will lose jobs.

　　C) Computers will change the nature of many jobs.

　　D) Boring jobs will gradually be made enjoyable.

　　34. A) Offer them chances of promotion.

　　B) Improve their working conditions.

　　C) Encourage them to compete with each other.

　　D) Give them responsibilities as part of a team.

　　35. A) They will not bring real benefits to the staff.

　　B) They concern a small number of people only.

　　C) They are arbitrarily set by the administrators,

　　D) They are beyond the control of ordinary workers.

　　听力答案及讲解

　　32、听音指导预览选项中的关键词job security，labor relation，work，和wages and benefits可知，此篇短文主旨与工作有关，可初步推测与人们对工作的满足感有关。

　　确项分析此题问的是主题，到底什么可以真正激励员工好好工作呢。原文Motivators, in contrast, include things such as having a challenging and interesting job, recognition and responsibility，连接词in contrast附近出现了答案，意为起到激励作用的东西包括工作的挑战性和趣味性，以及工作中需承担的责任即最终获得的认可。所以选选项C，即挑战性的工作。

　　干扰项分析原文首句虽谈及选项A、B、D各项内容，但是but转折后全盘否定but one expert, Frederick Herzberg argued that such conditions do not motivate workers。故可全部排除。

　　33、听音指导从选项内容可知，本题考查的是工作的性质，应注意关键提示词tedious，unskilled and lose job，computer和boring and enjoyable。

　　正确项分析此题问到作者对电脑信息时代总结了什么。从原文中However, even with the development of computers and robotics, therere always plenty of boring, repetitive and mechanical jobs and lots of unskilled people who have to do them.，连接词however后出现了答案。意为，尽管电脑和机器人技术不断发展，还是存在无聊的、重复的、机械性的工作，需要人力完成，对应到正确答案A选项中的tedious以及manually。

　　34、听音指导此题为一细节题。选项B与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。听音时，注意选项中的promotion，compete和team。

　　正确项分析原文中激励超市员工工作是个案，但是问题本身针对的是总结性的答案。即出现在for example前的总结句：Give them some responsibilities, not as individuals, but as a part of a team。but后强调的是team，正确答案为选项D。

　　听力原文

　　Passage 3

　　Its logical to suppose that things like good labor relations, good working conditions, good wages and benefits and job security motivate workers, but one expert, Fredrick Herzberg argued that such conditions do not motivate workers. They are merely satisfiers. Motivators, in contrast, include things such as having a challenging and interesting job, recognition and responsibility. However, even with the development of computers and robotics, therere always plenty of boring, repetitive and mechanical jobs and lots of unskilled people who have to do them. So how do mangers motivate people in such jobs? One solution is to give them some responsibilities, not as individuals, but as a part of a team. For example, some supermarkets can buy office stuff to people who fill the shelves, and the people who work at the check out into a team, and let them decide what product lines to stock, how to display them and so on. Many people now talk about the importance of a companys shared values or culture with which all the staff can identify, for example, being the best hotel chain, or making the best, the most user-friendly or the most reliable products in a particular field. Such values are more likely to motivate workers than financial targets which automatically only concern a few people. Unfortunately, theres only a limited number of such goals to go around and by definition, not all the competing companies in that industry can seriously plan to be the best.

　　Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　Q32: What can actually motivate workers according to Fredrick Herzberg?

　　Q33: What does the speaker say about jobs in the computer era?

　　Q34: What do some supermarkets do to motivate their employees?

　　Q35: Why does the speaker say financial targets are less likely to motivate workers?