最新英语四级考试的听力练习之(23)安德鲁卡内基

　　Exercise 　　 　　1. What is Andrew Carnegie known as? 2. What did Carnegie think the wealthy should use their fortunes for? 3. What quality of Andrew Carnegie touched the Americans? 4. His success in part from his ability to sell the product and in part from his policy of during periods of economic , when most of his competitors were their investments. 5. Among his more noteworthy to society are those that bear his name, the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh, which has a library, a of fine arts, and a museum of history. 6. His contributions of more than five dollars established 2,500 libraries in small throughout the country and formed the of the public library system that we all today. Background Information 　　 　　背景信息 在美国，与汽车大王福特、石油大王洛克菲勒等大财阀的名字列在一起的，还有一个钢铁大王他就是安德鲁卡内基。美国工业史上，写下永难磨灭的一页，他征服钢铁世界，成为美国最大钢铁制造商，衣锦还乡，跃居世界首富。而在功成名就后，他又将几乎全部的财富捐献给社会。他生前捐赠款额之巨大，足以与死后设立诺贝尔奖金的瑞典科学家、实业家诺贝尔相媲美，由此成为美国人心目中的英雄和个人奋斗的楷模。安德鲁卡耐基在1853年11月25日出生于苏格兰，1848年随全家移民美国，12岁开始工作，先后当过纺织工人、邮递员、铁路书记等。卡耐基的第一份工作是绕线工，每周薪水1美元20美分。凡事不论大小，都要认真的去做。我12岁时做过纺织工人，我努力地要把纱纺好。后来我又做过邮差，我尽量记住我那邮区里每户人家的姓名、住宅外貌，到后来几乎我每一家都熟识了。努力把每一件小事情认真的做好它，以后才有人敢把大事情放心的交给你了。安德鲁卡内基经历了一系列的亲人去世后，于1890年，他在《财富的福音》一书中宣布：我不再努力挣更多的财富。于是，他毅然从他那蓬勃发展的钢铁事业中引退，以5亿美元的价格将卡内基钢铁公司卖给金融大王摩根。然后，他就开始实施他的把财富奉献给社会的伟大计划。 　　 　　Words Phrases 词汇与短语 　　 　　Words charity 施舍，慈善 　　 　　competitor 竞争者 　　 　　disgrace 丢脸 　　 　　endowment 捐款 　　 　　fortune 财富，大量财产 　　 　　generosity 慷慨，宽宏大量 　　 　　investment 投资 　　 　　noteworthy 显著的，值得注目的 　　 　　nucleus 中心 　　 　　philanthropic 博爱的 　　 　　untouched 不受感动的 　　 　　Phrases contribution to... 对......的贡献 　　 　　during periods of 在......期间 　　 　　economic decline 经济衰败 　　 　　fine arts 美术 　　 　　for the benefit of...为......的利益 　　 　　known as......作为......而出名 　　 　　progress through hard 通过努力工作进步 　　 　　result from...由......导致 　　 　　1. The King of Steel 　　 　　2. For the benefit of society. 　　 　　3. His generosity. 　　 　　4. resulted, expanding, decline, reducing 　　 　　5. contribution, including, museum, national 　　 　　6. million, communities, nucleus, enjoy Andrew Carnegie Andrew Carnegie, known as the King of Steel, built the steel industry in the United States, and, in the process,became one of the wealthiest men in America. His success resulted in part from his ability to sell the product and in part from his policy of expanding during periods of economic decline, when most of his competitors were reducing their investments. Carnegie believed that individuals should progress through hard work, but he also felt strongly that the wealthy should use their fortunes for the benefit of society. He opposed charity, preferring instead to provide educational opportunities that would allow others to help themselves. He who dies rich, dies disgraced, he often said. Among his more noteworthy contributions to society are those that bear his name, including the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh, which has a library, a museum of fine arts, and a museum of national history. He also founded a school of technology that is now part of Carnegie-Mellon University. Other philanthropic gifts are the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace to promote understanding between nations, the Carnegie Institute of Washington to fund scientific research, and Carnegie Hall to provide a center for the arts. Few Americans have been left untouched by Andrew Carnegies generosity. His contributions of more than five million dollars established 2,500 libraries in small communities throughout the country and formed the nucleus of the public library system that we all enjoy today. 　　 　　安德鲁卡内基 被称作钢铁大王的安德鲁卡内基在美国建立了钢铁工业。 在这个过 程中，他变成了美国最富有的人之一。他的成功，部分来自于他销售产品的能力，部分来 自于经济萧条时期的扩充策略。 在萧条时期，他的多数对手都在缩减投资。 卡内基认为个 人应该通过努力工作来获得进展，但他也强烈地感到有钱人应该运用他们的财富来为社会谋取福利。他反对施舍救济，更愿意提供教育机会，使别人自立。卡内基经常说：富有地死去很可耻。他对社会的较重要的贡献都以他的名字命名。 这些贡献包括匹兹堡卡内基学校。 这个学校有一个图书馆，一个美术馆和一个国家历史博物馆；他还创立了一所 技术学校，这所学校现在是卡内基 梅隆大学的一部分；其他的慈善捐赠有为促进国家间了解的卡内基国际和平基金，为科学研究提供经费的华盛顿卡内基学院以及给各种艺术活动 提供活动中心的卡内基音乐厅。 安德鲁卡内基的慷慨大度几乎影响到每个美国人的生活。 由于他超过五百万美元的捐款，2500个图书馆得以建立起来，遍布在美国各地的小村镇，形成了我们今天还在享用的公共图书馆系统的核心。