4.下面重点介绍一些听力中常见的疑难句式,下面具体介绍以下几种类型:
(a)、形肯定意否定的句型(分别介绍六类):
1、Id like to/I d love to,but...。表否定,重点放在but后面。如:
The students English club is having a party on Saturday night.Can you come?
I would like to,but I work at a restaurant on weekends.(1990年1月)
2、使用虚拟语气的句子。在很多四级听力考试试题当中,经常采用虚拟语气,这些句子形式上是肯定的,但往往表达一种本应该,本可以(却没有),希望的情绪,放在一定的语言环境中表否定。而这一点也是考生常忽略的,要特别注意。如:
If the traffic wasnt so bad,I could have been home by 6:00.
What a pity!John was here to see you.(1990年1月)(意思是如果早到家的话,就可以见到约翰了,但是事实是因为交通堵塞,没能及时回家)
3、Im sorry,...。这种句型是委婉的否定,其后一般接原因。如:
Hello,may I speak to John Smith, please?
Im sorry,nobody by that name works here.(1990年1月)(意思是说没有叫约翰史密斯的人)
4、由形容词last构成的特殊句型。这种结构的字面意思是是最后一个,但真正的意思是是最不可能的。如:
Would you like to go mountain climbing with us?
Thats the last thing in the world I want to do.(字面意思是爬山是这世界上我最后想做的事,反过来讲就是根本不想去爬山)
5、anything but句型。此句型在四级考试中语法与结构部分考过,如果出现在听力理解部分,应该来说比较难,但是如果我们掌握了它的基本意思除以外的任何事物或根本不,并在听的过程中多加小心的话,还是可以做对的。如:
Everyone is helping out with dinner. Could you make the soup?
Anything but that.(意思是我不可能做汤)
6、由一些特殊短语构成的句型。这种短语很多,因此就需要学生平时不断地积累,这里举两个短语为例:
Youre not much of a rock and roll fan, are you?
Its far from being my favorite kind of music,thats for sure.(这里的be far from短语意思是远非,可理解为这根本不是我所喜欢的音乐)
(b)、形否定意肯定的句型(分别介绍六类):
1、Why dont you/Why not...?这种句型相对来说比较简单,意思是为什么不呢?,但我们还是应该注意它真正表达的是一个肯定概念,即建议做某事。如:
John,I dont know what to get for your father.He has just about everything,doesnt he?
Do you have any suggestions?
Why dont you get him a pocket calculator?(1990年6月)
2、Do you mind...?问句的回答用No, of course not.或者Not at all.。虽然字面上是否定的,
而且也理解为不介意,但考虑到具体的语境,通常都应理解为肯定的,意思是对方可以做其想做的。
如:
Do you mind if I borrow your note?
No,of course not.They are on my desk.(1994年1月)(从侧面讲可以使用)
3、not...until...句型。此句型一般都应理解为直到才,因此是肯定的。如:
When can the doctor see me?
He wont be free until tomorrow.(1995年1月)(意思是直到明天才能见你)
4、not...more/better构成的特殊句型。
此句型意思是不可能有比这样更好的情况发生了,反过来讲就是指这样很好,说者对此表示赞许,所以此句型仍然表示的是肯定意思。如:
I think its high time we turned our attention to the danger of drunk driving now.
I cant agree with you more.You see countless innocent people are killed by drunk drivers each year.(1997年6月)(意思是说后者非常同意第一人的观点)
5、Without a doubt;Dont mention it;No problem等作为回答的否定句型。这些我们常用的作为回答的句型,其实在语境中通常是用作肯定的回答,意思是没问题,肯定是这样的。如:
Do you think we have to review the chapter of Industrial Revolution?
Without a doubt,it will be on the exam.
6、由一些除not和never之外的否定词如hardly,seldom ,scarcely,rarely等构成的句型。这种句型其实本身就应归结为否定句,但在此将其放到这里是想强调这些句子如果出现在听力理解当中,学生经常容易疏忽这些词的否定意思,因此需特别留意。如:
What a surprise!Tim has improved his English so much after a holiday abroad.
I can hardly hear an accent.(意思是几乎听不出有任何地方口音)
The cold hard facts about Internet dating
Lean but mean的意思
Overplay his hand?
Praise be the impulse to bring justice
Divine ambrosia
Just in jest
Pedestrian effort
Student of the game
Railway staff lend a real helping hand
Young people deserve more understanding
Knock-on effect
Fair shake
Rise of wages for migrant workers a must
In the same league?
Who should be screened and discharged?
Loose cannon
Rock bottom?
Heads up?
Airlines need to buck up service levels
Catch phrase
Achilles heel
Black swans
Mixed messages
Never look a gift horse in the mouth
The fourth dimension
英语六级预测:网络言论
Spare tourists from excessive guides
英语六级预测:富裕是人生的唯一目标?
Go back to the drawing board on rules
Unqualified colleges must be shut down
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