【高一英语】语法：数词的用法详解

　　1. 拼法需要当心的序数词

　　在first，second和third之后的序数词都由基数词加 -th构成，但要注意以下拼法略有变化：

　　twentieth， thirtieth， fortieth… fifth eighth ninth twelfth..

　　2. 序号的表示

　　1) 基数词放在名词之后，通常写作阿拉伯数，如：

　　page 4(P.4)读作page four Room301读作room three O [ou] one

　　Tel No.864412读作telephone number eight six double four one two

　　2) 序数词放在名词之前，通常前面要加定冠词.如：

　　the Eighth Lesson(=Lesson Eight) the First Middle School(=Middle School No. 1)

　　3. 数词后面的名词用单数还是用复数

　　表示计量时，基数词后面的名词用复数形式，但是在带有数字的复合名词(常用作定语)里，名词只用单数形式。试比较：

　　They baby is only six moths old. This is a six-moth-old baby.

　　I have five pounds. I have a five-pound note.

　　4. hundreds / thousands / millions of + 名词复数

　　hundred, thousand和million后加 –s与of连用，表示“数百、数千、数百万”。

　　He has bought hundreds of books this year.

　　Thousands of seagulls arrived to help the farmers save their crops.

　　5. dozen和score

　　用法与hundred, thousand, million基本相似dozens of和scores of均表示“几十个”。但有以下几点区别：

　　1) 在接具体名词复数时dozen后不加of，而score常与of连用。如：

　　two dozen books two score (of)books

　　2) 若名词被限定词限定，dozen后应加of，接宾格代词亦如此。

　　three dozen of those (the, my, those) books three dozen of them

　　6. 表示不定数量的常用单词和词组

　　这些单词或词组与名词的搭配关系见下表

　　用于可数名词用于不可数名词用于可数名词和不可数名词

　　a bit of

　　(a) few(a) littleall

　　fewerlessplenty of

　　(the) fewest(the) leasta lot of; lots of

　　a (great) number ofa great deal (amount) ofenough

　　manymuchmore; most

　　several some; any

　　hundreds of

　　dozens of

　　1) (a) few 和(a) little

　　a few和a little与some的意思较接近，表示“有几个;有一点”。few和little则表示“几乎没有(= almost none)”的意思。试比较：

　　She doesn’t seem very friendly; she has few friends。 (not many friends)

　　Although she has been here only a short time, she has made a few friends. (some friends)

　　I can’t make a pie because there is little sugar. (not much sugar)

　　There is a little sugar for your coffee. (some sugar)

　　2) 用fewer还是用less

　　从理论上讲few的比较级形式fewer用于复数名数前;little的比较级形式less用于不可

　　数名词前，但是在现代英语中，尤其是在非正式场合下，也常用less代替fewer;例如：

　　If on1y there were fewer/less holes in the roof?

　　3) many + a + 名词单数

　　many a后接可数名词单数形式，表示“好些;许多”，多用于书面语或演讲中。

　　Many a young man has had such a chance. (动词用has)

　　many a time则看作是固定词组，表示“多次”。

　　That’s happened to me many a time.