一、名词化的形容词
有些形容词和定冠词the连用,表示一类人或事物。常见的形容词有:young(年轻的)old(年老的)rich(富有的)poor(贫穷的)sick(生病的)healthy(健康的)living(活的)dead(死的)wounded(受伤的)deaf(聋的)blind(失明的)disabled(残废的)unemployed(失业的)等,以及其他某些说明人的性格或状态的形容词。
这一表达方式具有复数含义,所以动词也用复数形式:
The poor get poorer; the rich get richer.
穷者愈穷;富者愈富。
the+形容词偶尔也有单数含义:
the accused (person) 被告人
the unexpected (thing) 意外的事
the+表示国籍的形容词也是同样用法:
The French like to eat well.
法国人很讲究吃。
一些表示颜色的形容词后加上s作复数名词用时也代表一类人:
the blacks 黑人
the whites 白人
二、句法功能
1. 作主语
The wounded were sent home.
伤员被送回家。(指一类人,动词用复数。)
The accused was acquitted of the charge.
被告被宣告无罪。(主语是单数的概念,动词用单数。)
The true is to be distinguished from the false.
真伪须辨分明。(指抽象概念,动词用单数。)
2. 作宾语
We should take good care of the old.
我们应当好好地照顾老人。
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