初一英语语法知识点汇总

初一英语语法

　　主要掌握几种时态

　　1，一般现在时

　　2，一般过去时

　　3，一般将来时

　　4，现在进行时

　　还有几种词

　　1，名词

　　2，代词

　　3，形容词

　　4，动词

　　5，冠词

　　初一英语语法

　　一、词法

　　1、名词

　　A)、名词的数

　　我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：

　　一)在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans,apples, bananas

　　二)x,sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes,glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes

　　三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es　如：baby-babies, family-families,duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories

　　2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days,boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways

　　四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯

　　五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives,half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves

　　六)单复数相同(不变的)有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese

　　七)一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people, pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks

　　八)单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员

　　九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers

　　十)有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类,paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯，眼镜,　orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线lights灯, people人 peoples民族,　time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉　chickens小鸡

　　十一) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或s。如：Is (Is), Ks (Ks)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs

　　十二) 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice,policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen

　　B)名词的格

　　当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：

　　一)单数在后面加s。如：brothers, Mikes, teachers

　　二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers Day教师节,classmates Childrens Day六一节, Womens Day三八节

　　三)由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Bens room迈克和本的房间(共住一间)，Mikes and Bens rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)

　　2、代词

　　项目人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词

　　人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性

　　第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself

　　复数 we us our ours ourselves

　　第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself

　　复数 you you your yours yourselves

　　第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself

　　he him his his himself

　　it it its its this that itself

　　复数 they them their theirs these thosethemselves

　　3、动词

　　A)第三人称单数

　　当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下：

　　一)一般在词后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees,dances, trains

　　二)在x,sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches,washes, wishes, finishes

　　三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries

　　2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys

　　四)以o结尾加es。如：does, goes

　　五)特殊的有：are-is, have-has

　　B)现在分词

　　当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：

　　一)一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing,see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching,go-going, do-doing

　　二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing,write-writing, have-having

　　三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show showing, draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting,let-letting, begin-beginning

　　四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系　die-dying死　lie-lying 位于

　　4、形容词的级

　　我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：

　　一) 一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest,shorter shortest, taller tallest,longer longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest

　　二)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest

　　三) 以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest,sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly mostfriendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest

　　四)特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)

　　good/well -better best many/much - more most 　bad/ill worse worst

　　little- lessleast old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest

　　5、数词 (基变序，有规则;一、二、三，自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y结尾，变为i, eth跟上去。)first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth,thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth

　　二、句式

　　1.陈述句

　　肯定陈述句

　　a) This is abook. (be动词)

　　b) He looksvery young. (连系动词)

　　c) I want asweat like this. (实义动词)

　　d) I can bringsome things to school. (情态动词)

　　e) Theres a computer on my desk. (There be结构)

　　否定陈述句

　　a) These arent their books.

　　b) They dontlook nice.

　　c) Kate doesnt go to No. 4 Middle School.

　　d) Kate cant findher doll.

　　e) There isnt a cat here. (=Theres no cat here.)

　　2. 祈使句

　　肯定祈使句

　　a) Please go and ask the man. b) Lets learn English!

　　c) Come in,please.

　　否定祈使句a)Dont be late. b) Dont hurry.

　　3. 疑问句

　　1) 一般疑问句

　　a) Is Jim astudent?

　　b) Can I helpyou?

　　c) Does shelike salad?

　　d) Do theywatch TV?

　　e) Is shereading?

　　肯定回答:a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, sheis.

　　否定回答:a) No, he isnt. b) No, you cant. c) No, she doesnt. d) No, they dont. e) No, she isnt.

　　2) 选择疑问句 Is the table big or small?　　回答 Its big./ Its small.

　　3) 特殊疑问句

　　①　问年龄How old is Lucy? She is twelve.

　　②　问种类　What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.

　　③　问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.

　　④　问方式How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.

　　How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@163.com.

　　⑤　问原因　Why do you want to join the club?

　　⑥　问时间Whats the time? (=What time is it?) Its a quarter to ten a.m..

　　What time doyou usually get up, Rick? At five oclock.

　　When do youwant to go? Lets go at 7:00.

　　⑦　问地方Wheres my backpack? Its underthe table.

　　⑧　问颜色What color are they? They are light blue.

　　Whats your favourite color? Its black.

　　⑨　问人物Whos that? Its my sister.

　　Who is the boyin blue? My brother.

　　Who isnt at school? Peter and Emma.

　　Who are Lisaand Tim talking to?

　　⑩　问东西Whats this/that (in English)? Its a pencil case.

　　What else canyou see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.

　　11问姓名 Whats your auntsname? Her name is Helen./Shes Helen.

　　Whats your first name? My first names Ben.

　　Whats your family name? My family names Smith.

　　12 问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box.

　　13 问字母　What letter is it? Its big D/small f.

　　14 问价格　How much are these pants? Theyre 15dollars.

　　15 问电话号码 Whats your phone number? Its 576-8349.

　　16 问谓语(动作) Whats hedoing? Hes watching TV.

　　17 问职业(身份) What do you do? Im a teacher.

　　Whats your father? Hes a doctor.

　　三、时态

　　1、一般现在时　表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时，它有：

　　Be 动词：Shes a worker. Is she aworker? She isnt a worker.

　　情态动词：Ican play the piano. Can you play the piano? I cantplay the piano.

　　行为动词：Theywant to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They dont want to eat any tomatoes.

　　Gina has a nicewatch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesnt have a watch.

　　2、现在进行时　　表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态，结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它.

　　Im playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? Im not playing baseball.

　　Nancyis writing a letter. Is Nancywriting a letter? Nancy isnt writing aletter.

　　Theyre listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music?They arent listening to the pop music.

　　一、主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。

　　The sun rises in the east. (名词)

　　He likes dancing. (代词)

　　Twenty years is a short time in history.(数词)

　　Seeing is believing. (动名词)

　　To see is to believe. (不定式)

　　What he needs is a book. (主语从句)

　　It is very clear that the elephant isround and tall like a tree.

　　(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)

　　二、谓语(predicate):说明主语的动作、状态和特征

　　We study English.

　　He is asleep.

　　三、表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

　　He is a teacher. (名词)

　　Seventy-four! You dont look it. (代词)

　　Five and five is ten. (数词)

　　He is asleep. (形容词)

　　His father is in. (副词)

　　The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)

　　My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)

　　To wear a flower is to say Im poor, Icant buy a ring. (不定式)

　　The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)

　　常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来)， look(看起来)， feel(摸起来)，smell(闻起来)，

　　taste(尝、吃起来)， remain(保持，仍是)， feel(感觉) .

　　It sounds a good idea.

　　The sound sounds strange.

　　Her voice sounds sweet.

　　Tom looks thin.

　　The food smells delicious.

　　The food tastes good.

　　The door remains open.

　　Now I feel tired.

　　三、宾语：

　　1)动作的承受者动宾

　　I likeChina. (名词)

　　He hates you. (代词)

　　How many do you need? We need two. (数词)

　　We should help the old and the poor.

　　I enjoy working with you. (动名词)

　　I hope to see you again. (不定式)

　　Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)

　　2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词介宾

　　Are you afraid of the snake?

　　Under the snow, there are many rocks.

　　3) 双宾语间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)

　　He gave me a book yesterday.

　　Give the poor man some money.

　　四、宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。

　　We elected him monitor. (名词)

　　We all think it a pity that she didntcome here. (名)

　　We will make them happy. (形容词)

　　We found nobody in. (副词)

　　Please make yourself at home. (介词短语)

　　Dont let him do that. (省to不定式)

　　His father advised him to teach the lazyboy a lesson. (带to不定式)

　　Dont keep the lights burning. (现在分词)

　　Ill have my bike repaired. (过去分词)

　　五、主补：对主语的补充。

　　He was elected monitor.

　　She was found singing in the next room.

　　He was advised to teach the lazy boy alesson. www.oh100.com

　　六、定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。

　　Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词)

　　He is our friend. (代词)

　　We belong to the third world. (数词)

　　He was advised to teach the lazy boy alesson.(形容词)

　　The man over there is my old friend.(副词)

　　The woman with a baby in her arms is mysister. (介词)

　　The boys playing football are in Cla2. (现在分词)

　　The trees planted last year are growingwell now. (过去分词)

　　I have an idea to do it well. (不定式)

　　You should do everything that I do. (定语从句)

　　七、状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。

　　(以下例句按上述顺序排列) I will go there tomorrow.

　　The meeting will be held in themeetingroom.

　　The meat went bad because of the hotweather.

　　He studies hard to learn English well.

　　He didnt study hard so that he failed inthe exam.

　　I like some of you very much.

　　If you study hard, you will pathe exam.

　　He goes to school by bike.

　　Though he is young, he can do it well.