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初三英语专题讲解 词汇辨析(三)

发布时间:2016-03-02  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  -【名师讲解】

  1. think/ think/about/ think of

  (1) think 单独使用时表示思考, 接that 宾语从句时意为认为,觉得。

  I am thinking how to work out the problem.

  I think she is a good student.

  当宾语从句含有否定概念时,通常形式上否定think ,但意义上却是否定宾语从句。

  I don't think he can come.

  I don't think it will be windy.

  (2)think about 可接一个名词,动词-ing 形式或由疑问词引导的不定式或宾语从句,意思是考虑。

  I have thought about it for a long time.

  Please think about how to tell her the bad news.

  (3)think of 表示认为, 一般用于疑问句中,与what 连用。

  What do you think of the TV play? = How do you like theTV play?

  2. big/ large/ great

  上述形容词都表示大,但侧重点及程度不同。

  (1) big指具体事物的大小,强调比正常形体的标准大,既可用在普通场合,也可用在正式场合。它可用来指人的身材高大或长大了,还可表示伟大,重要之意。如:

  Can you lift up this big stone?

  On the last day I made a big decision.

  (2) large特别强调远远超过标准的大,指体积、面积、容积、数量之大。如:

  A whale is a large animal.

  A large crowd collected at the gate of the theatre.

  (3) great除了表示数量体积之大外,又指抽象的程度,意味着伟大性,重要性, 优越性;常用于抽象

  或无形的东西;用于有形的东西时,常带有伟大,大得令人吃惊等意思,含有一定的感情色彩。如:

  China is a great country with a long history.

  He was one of the greatest scientists.

  3. cost/ take/ spend/ pay

  (1) cost表示花钱,花费,付出(只能用于钱、精力、生命等;主语必须是物。)

  The book cost me five yuan.

  (2) take的主语是动词不定式, 通常用it做形式主语。

  It took me five yuan to buy the book..

  (3) spend,在主动语句中主语是人

  I spent five yuan on (for) the book.或I spent five yuan (in) buying the book.

  (4) pay的主语是人。

  I paid five yuan for the book.

  4. expensive/ high/ cheap/ low

  这四个词在谈论到价格的高低时,要注意使用。expensive与high涉及到价格高,而cheap 与low涉及到价格低。

  (1) expensive昂贵的,花钱多的。这个单词若谈到价格高,货贵时,其主语不能是价格,必须是货物、物品本身。如:

  This watch is expensive. 这只表很贵。

  These glass-products are not expensive. 这些玻璃制品不是很值钱。

  注意:cheap表示价廉,便宜的,其主语也不能是价格,必须是物品本身。如:

  The cheap table was bought from him. 这张便宜的桌子是他卖给我们的。

  This cloth doll is very cheap. 这只布娃娃很便宜。

  (2)high在表示价格时,含义是高,low在表示价格时,含义是低,这两个词不能用于物品本身,只能用在价格上。如:

  The price of this watch is very high. 这只表的价格太高了。

  The price of this book is not low for me. 这本书的价格对我来说是不低。

  下面我们试看几个句子的正误对照:

  The price of this computer is expensive.

  (宜改为:This computer is expensive. 或The price of this computer is high. )

  The price of this pen is not cheap for him to buy.

  (宜改为:This pen is not cheap for him to buy. 或 The price of this pen is not low for him. )

  5. alone/ lonely

  lonely 与alone的意思比较接近,但在使用时有所区别:

  (1)lonely用作形容词,意思是孤单的;寂寞的。可指心灵上的寂寞,也可指偏僻的地点。在句中既可作表语,也可作定语。

  (2)alone 可作形容词和副词,意思是单独;独自,不指心理上寂寞的感觉。

  She was taken to a lonely island, lived alone, but she never felt lonely.

  她被带到一个荒岛上,自己居住,但她从不感到寂寞。

  6. before long/ long before

  (1)before long 作不久以后讲,切不要按字面译为长时间以前或好久以前。如:

  We hope to finish our experiment before long. 我们希望不久(以后)就把实验做完。

  (2)long before 作很久以前讲。原意为以前很久,故也可译为老早。long before 跟before long

  不同,前者在其后面可以接名词或一个从句;当上下文明确时,名词或从句还可以省略。Before long 则没有上述搭配用法。

  They began the test yesterday, but we had made experiment long before.

  我们昨天开始做实验,但我们在那以前很久就已经做准备了。

  7. as/ when/ while

  (1)as 是连词,意思是当的时候,一面一面,(强调同时,一般连续时间不长),如:

  As we were talking about Titanic, our teacher came in.

  正当我们谈论泰坦尼克号这部电影时,教师进来了。

  The students sing as they go along. 学生们边走边唱。

  (2)When和as一样都是连词,注意它们的不同。如when当的时候(一般表示动作紧接着发生);那时(等立连词,前有逗号分开)

  I stayed till sunset, when it began to rain. 我一直呆到太阳下山,那时天开始下雨了。

  (3)while是当时候;和同时(强调同时发生,一般连续时间较长)

  While I was watching TV, he was reading. 当我在看电视的时候,他正在看书。

  While there is life, there is hope. 有生命就有希望。

  8. beat/win/ hit

  (1)beat 是动词,意思是连续地打; 打败; 敲打。beat后可接人或队名。意思是击败对手。如:

  I can beat you at swimming.

  (2)win意思是赢得某个项目,后面常接match, game。如:

  He won a game. 他胜一局。

  We won a match. 我们比赛得胜。

  (3)hit意思是击中(有时可表示打一下)。如:

  The mother hit her child out of anger. 妈妈生气,打了她孩子一下。

  9. keep doing/keep on doing

  (1)keep doing侧重表示持续不停地做某事或持续某种状态。如:

  The girl kept crying all the time. 那个女孩一直在哭。

  The baby kept sleeping about four hours. 这个婴儿连续睡了大约四个小时。

  (2)keep on doing 表示总不断做某事,不表示静止状态。不能与sitting, sleeping, lying, standing这类词连用。如:

  It kept on raining for seven days.

  Don't keep on asking such silly questions.

  10. get/ turn/ become

  这三个词都可作系动词用,表示状态的变化,后跟表语,但三个词的用法稍有不同。get强调情感、气候和环境的变化;turn强调色彩的变化;而become则强调职务、职称等的变化。如:

  The days are getting shorter and shorter in winter.冬天的白天越来越短。

  She couldn't answer the question and her face turned red.她回答不出问题,脸红了。

  When did you become a teacher? - Ten years ago.你什么时候当的老师?十年前。

  11. steal / rob

  从意思上讲steal表示偷窃的意思。而rob表示抢劫的意思;从搭配上来讲,steal sth from sb/sth ;而rob则用rob sb/sth of sth; 例如:

  He stole money from the rich to give it to the poor.

  They robbed the bank of one million dollars.

  12. see/look/watch/notice

  在英语中,see,look,watch,notice都有看的意思,要注意他们的区别。

  see意为看到,表示视觉器官有意识或无意识地看到物体,强调看到的结果。

  look意为看,表示有意识地观看,强调看的动作。

  watch意为观看,注视,指以较大的注意力观看。

  notice意为看到,注意到,指有意识的注意,含有从不注意到注意的变化的意义。例如:

  What can you see in the picture?在图画中你能看到什么?

  Look! How happily they are playing!看!他们玩得多高兴啊!

  Hes watched TV for over two hours.他看了两个多小时的电视。

  He noticed a purse lying on the road.他注意到地上有个钱包。

  13. Shoot/ shoot at

  shoot是及物动词,意思是射中,射死,宾语多为人或动物等。而shoot at是一个动词词组,意为向射击,至于射中或射死与否不得而知。如:

  The man shot five birds in the forest.那个人在森林里射死(中)了五只鸟。

  The hunter shot at the bear.猎人朝熊射击了。

  They shot at the she-wolf, but didn't shoot her.他们向那只母狼射击,但是没有射中/死。

  14. escape/ run away

  (1)escape作逃跑、逃脱或逃避讲时,往往会有成功之意。如:

  The old man escaped death.那个老人死里逃生。

  The thief escaped from prison.那个小偷越狱了。

  (2)run away作逃跑、跑走讲时,往往强调动作。如:

  Don't let him run away. 别让他跑了。

  口语中escape和run away可以互用。

  15. so that..../ so... that....

  (1) so that....为了,以便 。引导一个目的状语从句,从句中往往有情态动词。也可引导一个结果状语从句。如:

  I left at 5:00 so that I could catch the early bus.

  Speak loudly, so that they can hear what you say.

  He didn't study English so that he lost a chance to work in a foreign company.

  (2) so... that....既可引导一个结果状语从句,也可引导一个目的状语从句。

  如:The classroom was so noisy that I could hardly study.

  I got up so early in the morning that I could catch the train.

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