SAT阅读能力的提高是一个长期积累的过程,有些学生抱怨说一看到英文的阅读材料就头疼,于是就不去读了。其实越是头疼越应该硬着头皮读下去,这样坚持一个月,你会觉得阅读速度在逐渐地提高,阅读已经变成你生活中的一个部分。所以极力建议大家能够每天读一篇SAT阅读材料。今天我给大家提供一篇How We Learn。
All learning tasks are not created equal. The learning tasks we give up on are the ones that let us down with regard to learning. They do a bad job of structuring our learning experience, leaving us bored or frustrated. To be effective, game environments must be structured around how we learn.
Carnegie Mellons Eberly Center for Teaching Excellence has amassed a set of basic principles that describe the learning process . Following are four of these key principles, with examples of how each plays out in traditional training and in game-based learning.
Principle 1: Students prior knowledge can help or hinder learning. Obviously, learners who have accurate prior knowledge of a given subject matter tend to have a leg up. But what about a learner whose prior knowledge is wrong? As an example, consider an experienced worker who is practicing loading dock safety procedures. He may know that hes supposed to look behind him when backing up in a forkliftbut if hes worked on mostly quiet loading docks in the past, he may have developed the bad habit of merely listening for potential rear obstacles. In a traditional lecture-based setting, his buried misconception might surface only at test time, if at allrendering unreliable his related learning up to that point. With game-based learning tools, misconceptions about core learning goals are quickly apparent. For example, in-game, his failure to look behind him before backing up would result in an immediate, negative consequence . As a result, he could rapidly self-correct and move on to more advanced learning based on a sound foundation.
Principle 2: Students motivation determines, directs and sustains what they do to learn. The digital generation that makes up a large part of todays workforce is notoriously unmoved by traditional, lecture and tutorial-based training approaches. On the other hand, they are very comfortable with videolearning tasks and game-based learning. According to game-based learning experts, learners tend to be highly motivated by in-game feedback such as scores and evaluations. For example, many learners using the loading dock safety game play again and again until they achieve a perfect safety score. In the process , they learn how to operate within the game environment; actively think, experiment and learn how to safely accomplish their work; and practice their lessons learned to develop consistent and productive thought processes.
Principle 3: To develop mastery, students must acquire component skills, practice integrating them, and know when to apply what they have learned. Learning is a process that happens in bite-sized chunks, each learner working at a different pace. Thoughtfully designed, passive training programs follow this process, but primarily do so on a group basis. This means that slower students often struggle, and faster students become bored. The focus tends to necessarily be on learning facts or rules, with limited opportunities to apply them. In contrast, good game-based learning is tailored to each learner. For example, in the loading dock game, a learner begins with basic concepts such as putting on protective gear. She cannot advance in the game until she performs this step correctly. As she chooses actions that demonstrate her mastery of interim learning goals, she moves on to more advanced challenges. Even more important, because the game represents an active, realistic learning environment, the focus is on learning, through consequences, to apply the right knowledge at the right time.
Principle 4: Goal-directed practice coupled with targeted feedback enhances the quality of students learning. As discussed, traditional training cannot provide a constant, individualized and highly motivating level of feedback. In addition, traditional classroom and tutorial-type training methods do not give learners the opportunity to repeatedly practice thought processes and skills in a realistic environment. An effective game for loading dock workers establishes motivational goals relevant to actual loading dock work. As learners progress, when they make a mistake, they experience immediate in-game consequences . Additional feedback, which comes through alerts, scores, and post-game reports, motivates learners to continue practicing until they master the games learning goalsand provides the information they need to get there.
坚持每天读一篇SAT阅读材料,你会觉得阅读是一种乐趣,既增长知识又可以培养语感,SAT阅读将不再是令人头疼的难题!
初中英语阅读理解24字真经 名师归纳
国庆长假初三英语学习要重效率 应定期检查巩固
初中英语任务型题目如何回答能得分?
2010中考必备:选择填空精编1000题C
初中英语语法之形容词比较级和最高级讲练和答案
初中英语阅读与表达最后一题怎么答?
参加2010北京中考学生的英语必备书
初一英语特长班孩子如何规划英语学习?
英语学习者常犯这三大英语学习误区
初中英语:看清薄弱环节学会对症下药
中考必备 为你设计初三英语学习“成功公式”
初中英语学习方法:英语写作选词汇
初中英语阅读理解中细节事实题怎么做?
解析两道初中英语易错的两道语法题
七年级上期中英语模拟试题及答案
2010中考必备:选择填空精编1000题B
初中英语九大简单基本句型
如何利用美国思维练好英语口语?
雅思考试创始人谈英语学习5秘诀
新目标英语八年级上Unit 1-6词组总复习
独家名师指导:初二英语学习规划
十一长假既要复习课内知识也要补充课外知识
初中英语写作很简单 10字原则教你写出‘一等文’
从初中开始模仿语音语调可提高英语口语
初二学生的英语必备参考书推荐
新初三英语学习规划及高分必看书目
孩子的初中英语作文成绩不好怎么办?
2010中考必备:选择填空精编1000题A
初三英语长期备考学习要重效率 应定期检查巩固
中考英语陷阱选择题自测和答案
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |