在美国本科考试的SAT阅读中有很多修辞手法的运用,类似中国语文学科中的修辞,只有掌握这些常用的修辞手法,才能够完全理解作者想要表达的意思。今天我们一起来通过大量的实例来学习SAT阅读中的修辞手法。
修辞手法中英文对照
simile 明喻
metaphor 隐喻, 暗喻
personification 拟人
analogy 类比
metonymy 转喻
sarcasm 讽刺
onomatopoeia 拟声
alliteration 头韵
transferred Epithet 转类形容词
apostrophe 顿呼
anti-climax or bathos 突降
climax 渐进
epigram 警句
antithesis 对照
oxymoron 矛盾修饰
paradox 似非而是的隽语
innuendo 暗讽
irony 反语
zeugma 轭式搭配
syllepsis 一语双叙
pun 双关语
英语修辞手法运用举例
一、明喻是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系,两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等,例如:
1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.
这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。
2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit.
他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来,像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。
3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something.
它那长长的叶子在风中摆动,好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。
二、隐喻这种比喻不通过比喻词进行,而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写,甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets...
德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。
2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.
钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。
三、提喻又称举隅法,主要特点是局部代表全体,或以全体喻指部分,或以抽象代具体,或以具体代抽象。例如:
1、The Great Wall was made not only of stones and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men.
长城不仅是用石头和土建造的,而且是用几百万人的血和肉建成的。
句中的the flesh and blood喻为the great sacrifice
2、...saying that it was the most beautiful tongue in the world,...
他说这是世界上最美的语言。
这里用具体的tongue代替抽象的language。
4、Many eyes turned to a tall,20year black girl on the U.S. team.
很多人将眼光投向美国队一个高高的20岁的黑姑娘。
这里的many eyes代替了many persons。
四、拟人这种修辞方法是把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上,使之人格化,以物拟人,以达到彼此交融,合二为一。
1、She may have tens of thousand of babies in one summer.
一个夏天她可能生育成千上万个孩子。
这里用she和babies把蜜蜂比作人类妇女的生育。
2、My only worry was that January would find me hunting for a job again.
我唯一担心的是,到了一月份我又得去找工作。
英语里常把年月日人格化,赋以生命,使人们读起来亲切生动。
五、夸张这是运用丰富的想象,过激的言词,渲染和装饰客观事物,以达到强调的效果。
1、My blood froze.
我的血液都凝固了。
2、When I told our father about this,his heart burst.
当我将这件事告诉我们的父亲时,他的心几乎要迸出来。
3、My heart almost stopped beating when I heard my daughtersvoice on the phone.
从电话里一听到我女儿的声音,我的心几乎停止跳动。
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