gre作文备考资料：历史类

　　下面是小编为大家搜索整理的有关新gre作文备考素材，gre写作是美国所有作文考试中质量要求最高的一类作文考试，改革后的新gre作文写作题目更加具体，考察考生完成题目的过程中是能够融合批判性思维和分析性写作能力，所以我们平时除了增强语言功底的同时还要注意素材的积累和提高勤于思考分析的能力。

　　第九大类 历史类

　　1 历史的定义

　　History, in its broadest sense, is the totality of all past events, although a more realistic definition would limit it to the known past. Historiography is the written record of what is known of human lives and societies in the past and how historians have attempted to understand them. Of all the fields of serious study and literary effort, history may be the hardest to define precisely, because the attempt to uncover past events and formulate an intelligible account of them necessarily involves the use and influence of many auxiliary disciplines and literary forms. The concern of all serious historians has been to collect and record facts about the human past and often to discover new facts. They have known that the information they have is incomplete, partly incorrect, or biased and requires careful attention. All have tried to discover in the facts patterns of meaning addressed to the enduring questions of human life.

　　6 历史研究的目的

　　Moreover, the purpose of history as a serious endeavor to understand human life is never fulfilled by the mere sifting of evidence for facts. Fact-finding is only the foundation for the selection, arrangement, and explanation that constitute historical interpretation. The process of interpretation informs all aspects of historical inquiry, beginning with the selection of a subject for investigation, because the very choice of a particular event or society or institution is itself an act of judgment that asserts the importance of the subject. Once chosen, the subject itself suggests a provisional model or hypothesis that guides research and helps the historian to assess and classify the available evidence and to present a detailed and coherent account of the subject. The historian must respect the facts, avoid ignorance and error as far as possible, and create a convincing, intellectually satisfying interpretation.

　　Until modern times, history was regarded primarily as a special kind of literature that shared many techniques and effects with fictional narrative. Historians were committed to factual materials and personal truthfulness, but like writers of fiction they wrote detailed narratives of events and vivid character sketches with great attention to language and style. The complex relations between literary art and historiography have been and continue to be a subject of serious debate.

　　48 历史学家重建历史

　　Many scholars have commented on the difficulty in producing secondary source narratives from the raw data which makes up the past. Historian/philosopher Hayden White has written extensively on the rhetorical strategies by which historians construct narratives about the past, and what sorts of assumptions about time, history, and events are embedded in the very structure of the historical narrative. In any case, the question of the exact relation between historical facts and the content of written history has been a topic of discussion among historians since at least the nineteenth century, when much of the modern profession of history came into being.

　　As a general rule, modern historians prefer to go back to primary sources, if available, as well as seeking new ones, because primary sources, whether accurate or not, offer new input into

　　historical questions, and most modern history revolves around heavy use of archives for the purpose of finding useful primary sources. On the other hand, most undergraduate research projects are limited to secondary source material.

　　以上即是新gre作文备考素材的整理，每天积累一点点也符合大家的阅读量，所以备考新gre作文考试的考生一定要坚持，说话说授人以鱼不如授人以渔掌握了一定的素材再加不懈的练习，才可能在新gre考试的道路上立于不败之地!