1.名词的分类
专有名词是指某个(些)个人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如:Obama,Beijing,State Department.
普通名词是指一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名称,如:worker,steel,enthusiasm.
普通名词又可分为下面四类:
(1)个体名词:表示某类人或东西中的个体,如doctor,country等。
(2).集体名词:表示若干个体组成的集合体,如family,staff等。
(3)物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物,如air,tea,cotton等
(4)抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如work happiness,information,enthusiasm.
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词。
物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目来计算,称为不可数名词。
2.名词的数
可数名词都有单数和复数两种形式,复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾-s构成。加-s词尾的主要方法是:
情况 加法 例词 一般情况
加-s
girl-girls book-books
以s, x, ch, sh收尾的词
加-es
class-classes box-boxes
match-matches brush-brushes
以辅音字母+y收尾的词
变y为i再加-es
city-cities country-countries
有少数名词有不规则的复数形式,需要死背:
manmen(男人)
womanwomen(女人)
toothteeth(牙齿)
footfeet(脚、足)
childchildren(孩子)
goosegeese(鹅)
mousemice(小鼠)
oxoxen(牛)
basisbases(基础)
crisiscrises(危机)
analysisanalyses(分析)
thesistheses(论文)
phenomenonphenomena(现象)
formulaformulate(公式)
3.名词在句中的作用
(1)主语:
This new approachhas had important results. 这种新的方法已经产生了重大的影响。
(2)表语:
We are allservants of the people. 我们都是人民的勤务员。
(3)宾语或构成复合宾语:
The Chinese first made paper about 2,000 years ago. 中国人早在二千多年前就首先制造出了纸张。
We elected him a deputy to the Peoples Congress. 我们把他选作了人大代表。
(4)定语或同位语:
Is it a colour film? 是彩色影片吗?
The Party has great concern for us students. 党很关心我们学生。
(5)状语:
The meeting lasted an hour. 会议开了一个钟头。
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