Ulcers
Even though ulcers appear to run in families, lifestyle plays more of a role than genetic factors in causing the illness, according to a report in the April 13th Journal of Internal Medicine. In particular, smoking and stress in men and the regular use of pain-releasing medicines in women were linked with an increased risk of developing an ulcer.
Overall, 61% of ulcer risk appears to be due to environmental factors, such as smoking, and the remaining 39% is due to genes according to Dr. Ismo Raiha of the University of Turky and colleagues at the University of Helsinki, Finland. Some researchers had suggested that families may spread Helicobacteria pylori, the bacteria that can cause ulcers. However, the new study suggests this is unlikely, according to the report.
Raiha and colleagues studied data from more than 13,000 pairs of twins to examine the roles of genetic and environmental factors in the origin of peptic ulcer disease, they explain. Both twins were more likely to develop an ulcer if the pair were genetically the same as compared with a pair of fraternal twins, suggesting that there must be some genetic susceptibility to ulcer development.
However, the risk was no greater in twins living together compared with twins living apart, suggesting that shared exposure to H. pylori was not to blame. Environment effects were not due to factors shared by family members, and they were related to smoking and stress in men and the use of analgesics in women, the authors wrote. The minor effects of shared environment to disease liability do not support the concept that the grouping of risk factors, such as H. pylori infection, would explain the genetic factor of peptic ulcer disease, they concluded.
1. According to the passage, which of the following is a very likely cause of ulcer in men?
A) Smoking and stress.
B) Drinking and smoking.
C) Genes and children.
D) Use of a certain medicine.
2. What factors contribute to over half the ulcers?
A) Hereditary factors.
B) Economic factors.
C) Environmental factors.
D) Genetic factors.
3. In relation to ulcers, experts study twins in order to examine
A) the roles of genetic factors.
B) the roles of environmental factors.
C) the roles of both factors.
D) the roles of brotherhood.
4. What does environmental effects in the fifth paragraph refer to?
A) A clean environment with no smoke and dust surrounding the living area.
B) Smoking and stress in men and use of pain-killing medicine in Women.
C) Factors shared by family members such as genes and the food they eat.
D) Shared exposure to H. pylori infection in the unclean environment.
5. The passage argues that
A) ulcers are related to genes.
B) ulcers are related to lifestyle.
C) ulcers appear in men and women.
D) ulcers are caused by pylori infection.
答案: ACCBB
新GRE填空题备考策略:双重否定问题的解析
雅思听力考试:考前注意事项
新GRE填空小妙招揭秘之感情色彩法
GRE句子填空解题小技巧揭密
雅思写作:教育类词汇大盘点
想冲高分?快看这些GRE填空应试小技巧
雅思写作得分关键点大揭秘
2016年英语四级听力中最常见的五类问题
四六级有用的短语
雅思口语发音小技巧,叫你轻松说英语
GRE填空小妙招:句子填空的特殊解法
GRE填空解题技巧之攻略流程解析
趣说英语:那些你不知道的英语词汇小秘密
雅思写作中,最让人爱不起的十大开头
2016年新SAT考试最新资讯:阅读题首次出现AB卷
雅思口语:2015年总结及2016年备考规划
2016年英语四级听力题型调整情况分析
2016年英语四级听力改革分析及对策
GRE填空小技巧之如何推断“未知”答案
教你如何写出具有雅思范儿的高分作文
雅思写作的三大冲刺技巧,你知道是什么吗?
听力应试小技巧:根据场景背单词
雅思听力陷阱解析:同义替换
新GRE填空题技巧分析:实战篇
论新SAT文法中,标点符号的重要性
四大法宝轻松搞定雅思口语
备战新SAT语法考试,你怎能不知逗号的正确使用方法
2016年新SAT考试资讯:阅读题出现新题型
选择这些美国大学,你就不用备考SAT了
雅思写作:雅思文章字数不够你这么凑
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |