Ulcers
Even though ulcers appear to run in families, lifestyle plays more of a role than genetic factors in causing the illness, according to a report in the April 13th Journal of Internal Medicine. In particular, smoking and stress in men and the regular use of pain-releasing medicines in women were linked with an increased risk of developing an ulcer.
Overall, 61% of ulcer risk appears to be due to environmental factors, such as smoking, and the remaining 39% is due to genes according to Dr. Ismo Raiha of the University of Turky and colleagues at the University of Helsinki, Finland. Some researchers had suggested that families may spread Helicobacteria pylori, the bacteria that can cause ulcers. However, the new study suggests this is unlikely, according to the report.
Raiha and colleagues studied data from more than 13,000 pairs of twins to examine the roles of genetic and environmental factors in the origin of peptic ulcer disease, they explain. Both twins were more likely to develop an ulcer if the pair were genetically the same as compared with a pair of fraternal twins, suggesting that there must be some genetic susceptibility to ulcer development.
However, the risk was no greater in twins living together compared with twins living apart, suggesting that shared exposure to H. pylori was not to blame. Environment effects were not due to factors shared by family members, and they were related to smoking and stress in men and the use of analgesics in women, the authors wrote. The minor effects of shared environment to disease liability do not support the concept that the grouping of risk factors, such as H. pylori infection, would explain the genetic factor of peptic ulcer disease, they concluded.
1. According to the passage, which of the following is a very likely cause of ulcer in men?
A) Smoking and stress.
B) Drinking and smoking.
C) Genes and children.
D) Use of a certain medicine.
2. What factors contribute to over half the ulcers?
A) Hereditary factors.
B) Economic factors.
C) Environmental factors.
D) Genetic factors.
3. In relation to ulcers, experts study twins in order to examine
A) the roles of genetic factors.
B) the roles of environmental factors.
C) the roles of both factors.
D) the roles of brotherhood.
4. What does environmental effects in the fifth paragraph refer to?
A) A clean environment with no smoke and dust surrounding the living area.
B) Smoking and stress in men and use of pain-killing medicine in Women.
C) Factors shared by family members such as genes and the food they eat.
D) Shared exposure to H. pylori infection in the unclean environment.
5. The passage argues that
A) ulcers are related to genes.
B) ulcers are related to lifestyle.
C) ulcers appear in men and women.
D) ulcers are caused by pylori infection.
KEY: ACCBB
短期提高雅思听力:精听和泛听相结合
雅思听力搭配题解题技巧介绍
雅思听力核心词汇整理-B
雅思听力Section 1的答题技巧
突破雅思听力语音三部曲:音标、单词和技巧
雅思听力考试的三个注意事项
雅思听力备考重点知识介绍
雅思听力高频词汇:常见短语
雅思听力高频考点整理
提高雅思听力 需要突破语音部分
雅思口语话题范文:TV program
雅思听力单项选择题的解答方法
雅思听力真题解题技巧:干扰项
雅思听力常见场景解析:工作
雅思听力核心必备词汇60个
雅思听力提高需要避免的10个点
雅思听力完成句子题型的解题方法
雅思听力的七类常见关键词
雅思听力选择题技巧:应对干扰项
雅思听力图形题解题方法整理
雅思听力考试的6大题型
雅思听力速度提高技巧:关键信息点
雅思听力高分技巧分享(24条)
雅思听力高频词汇35个
雅思听力选择题答题方法介绍
雅思听力高频词汇:常用短语30个
雅思听力高频词汇:教育
雅思听力常用的4大技巧
雅思听力填空题的练习方法
例解雅思听力单选题的答题技巧
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |