2014年职称英语综合C类阅读理解强化训练题(2)

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

　　第1篇 Some things we know about language

　　Many things about language are a mystery, and many will always remain SO.But somethings we do know.

　　First，we know that all human beings have a language of some sort.There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language，no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one mother.　Furthermore，in historical times，there has never been a race of men without a language.

　　Second，there is no such thing as a primitive language.There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped，who are，as we say，uncivilized, but the languages they speak are not primitive.In all known 1anguages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing.

　　This has not always been well understood;indeed, the direct contrary has often been stated.Popular ideas of the 1anguage of the American Indians will illustrate.Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises.Study has proved this to be nonsense.There are，or were，hundreds of American Indian languages，and a11 of them turn out to be very complicated and very old. They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with，but they are no more primitive five than English and Greek.

　　A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate.That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language.

　　Finally, we know that language changes.It is natural and normal for language to change;the only languages which do not change are the dead ones.This is easy to understand if we look backward in time.Change goes on in all aspects of language.Grammatical features change as do speech sounds，and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly.Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.

　　词汇：

　　race/n.种族

　　primitive/adj.原始的

　　uncivilized/adj.不开化的，落后的

　　complexity/n.复杂性，复杂现象

　　nonsense/n.胡说，没有根据的话

　　extensive/adj.广泛的

　　vocabulary/n.词汇

　　练习：

　　1. In the second paragraph the author thinks that

　　A.some backward race doesnt have a language of its own.

　　B.some race in history didnt possess a language of its own.

　　C.any human race，whether backward or not，has a language.

　　D.some races on earth call communicate without language.

　　2. According to the author, people of undeveloped cultures can have___ languages.

　　A.complicated

　　B.uncivilized

　　C.primitive

　　D.wellknown

　　3.The author has used American Indian languages as an example to show that they are

　　A.just as old as some well-known languages.

　　B.just as sophisticated as some well-known languages.

　　C.more developed than some well-known languages.

　　D.more complex than some well-known languages.

　　4. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

　　A.A language is a means of expressing a particular culture.

　　B.All languages can well express their respective cultures.

　　C.American Indian languages are as sophisticated as English.

　　D.Some languages are better than other languages.

　　5. According to the author, language changes are most likely to occur in

　　A.grammar.

　　B.pronunciation.

　　C.vocabulary.

　　D.intonation.

　　Stress Level Tied to Education LevelPeople with less education suffer fewer stressful days, according to a report in the current issue of the Journal of Health and Social Behavior.

　　However, the study also found that when 1ess-educated people did suffer stress it was more severe and had a larger impact on their health.

　　From this。researchers have concluded that the day-to-day factors that cause stress are not random.Ⅵr11ere you are in society determines the kinds of problems that you have each day, and how well you will cope with them.

　　The research team interviewed a national sample of 1.03 1 adults daily for eight days about their stress level and health.People without a high school diploma reported stress on 30 percent of the study days，people with a high school degree reported stress 38 percent of the time，and people with college degrees reported stress 44 percent of the time.

　　Less advantaged people are less healthy on a daily basis and are more likely to have downward turns in their health。lead researcher Dr.Joseph Grzywacz，of Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, said in a prepared statement.The downward turns in health were connected with daily stressors.and the effect of daily stressors on their health is much more devastating for the less advantaged.

　　Grzywacz suggested follow-up research to determine why less-educated people report fewer days of stress when it is known their stress is more acute and chronic.

　　If something happens every day, maybe itsnot seen as a stressorGrzywacz says.Maybe it is just 1ife.

　　词汇：

　　stressful adj.紧张的;压力重的

　　diploma n.毕业文凭，毕业证书

　　stressor n.紧张刺激物

　　devastating adj.毁灭性的

　　follow-up n.随访

　　1. Stress level is closely related to

　　A.family size.

　　B.social status.

　　C.body weight.

　　D.work experience.

　　2.The 1.03 1 adults were interviewed

　　A.on adaily basis for 8days.

　　B.during one of eight days.

　　C.all by Grzywacz.

　　D.in groups.

　　3. Which group reported the biggest number of stressful days?

　　A.People without any education.

　　B.People without high school degrees.

　　C.People with high school degrees.

　　D.People with college degrees.

　　4.The less advantaged people are，the greater

　　A.the impact of stress on their health is.

　　B.the effect of education on their health is

　　C.the level of their education is.

　　D.the degree of their health concern is.

　　5.Lesseducated people report fewer days of stress possibly because

　　A.they dont want to tell the truth.

　　B.they dont want to face the truth.

　　C.stress is too common a factor in their life.

　　D their stress is more acute.

　　Adaptation of Living ThingsCertain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope with their environment better than others of their kind. This natural biological process is called adaptation. Among the superior characteristics developed through adaptation are those that may help in getting food or shelter, in providing protection, and in producing and protecting the young. That results in the evolution of more and more organisms that are better fitted to their environments.

　　Each living thing is adapted to its way of life in a general way, but each is adapted especially to its own distinct class. A plant, for example, depends upon its roots to fix itself firmly and to absorb water and inorganic chemicals. It depends upon its green leaves for using the suns energy to make food from inorganic chemicals. These are general adaptations, common to most plants. In addition, there are special adaptations that only certain kinds of plants have.

　　Many animals have adaptations that help them escape from their enemies. Some insects are hidden by their body color or shape, and many look like a leaf or a little branch. The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroundings. Many animals have the ability to remain completely still when an enemy is near.

　　Organisms have a great variety of ways of adapting. They may adapt in their structure, function, and genetics; in their development and production of the young; and in other respects. An organism may create its won environment, as do warm-blooded mammals, which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather. Usually adaptations are an advantage, but sometimes an organism is so well adapted to a particular environment that, if conditions change, it finds it difficult or impossible to readapt to the new conditions.

　　2. In the first paragraph, the word environments could best be replaced by

　　A. contexts

　　B. surroundings

　　C. neighbors

　　D. enemies

　　3. It can be inferred from this passage that the feathers of a bird care colored

　　A. to frightened its enemies.

　　B. to attract its enemies

　　C. to adjust its body heat

　　D. to match its environment

　　4. Which of the following is not directly mentioned?

　　A. A living thing may adapt in its structure.

　　B. An organism may adapt in its function.

　　C. A living creature may adapt in its genetic makeup.

　　D. A living organism may adapt in its sleeping habit.

　　5. The author cites the behavior of warm-blooded mammals in order to illustrate which of the following?

　　A. A living thing may have the ability to create an environment of its own

　　B. A living creature may have the ability to remain still when an enemy is near.

　　C. A living creature may have the ability to make food from its inorganic chemicals

　　D. A living creature may have the ability to change the color of its skin.

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

　　第1篇 Some things we know about language

　　1.C作者在第二段中认为，任何人种不管落后与否都有语言。文中的原句是：There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language

　　2.A此题的答案来自第三段。

　　3.B 作者例举美国印第安人的语言的目的是证明这些语言和一些著名的语言一样先进。原句是：They are certainly different from the languages that most of US are familiar with，but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.

　　4.D D项的说法是错误的，因为作者在文章中的观点是不同的语言没有好与坏的差别。原句参照题解3。

　　5.C词汇是语言中最容易发生变化的部分。文中的原句是：Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.

　　第2篇 Streets level tied to education level

　　1、B 从文章题目便可得知，一个人的紧张程度与其受教育的程度挂钩，而受教育的程度又直接影响一个人的社会地位。因此，文章第三段提到，一个人的社会地位决定了，其每日所面临的问题和处理这些问题的能力。由此可见，紧张程度与社会地位密切相关。

　　2、A 文章第四段提到，研究人员对全国抽样的1031名成人连续八天每天进行采访。

　　3、D 从文章第四段可以得知，调查对象学历越高，自己所报告的紧张天数便越多。

　　4、A 文章第五段提到，一个人的社会地位越低，紧张对其健康造成的危害也就越大。

　　5、C 文章最后两段提到，受教育程度越低者所报告紧张天数越少的原因有可能是他们对紧张因素已司空见惯，视其为生活的一部分，而不是什么特别值得注意的。

　　第3篇 Adaptation of Living Things

　　1. C。该题的直接答案相关句是文章第一句。

　　2. B。surroundings 和environment是近义词，所以B正确。

　　3. D。该题的直接答案相关句是第3段的一句话：The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroundings。

　　4. D。文章提到了一种生命为了适应环境可以改变结构，功能和基因构造，但没有说可以改变睡眠习惯。

　　5. A。直接答案相关句在最后一段的第3个句子。