2014年职称英语卫生类考试教材阅读理解文章及练习(14)

　　Dreams

　　Studies show that in dreams things are seen and heard rather than thought.1 In terms of the senses, visual experience is present in almost all dreams; auditory experience in 40 to 50 percent; and touch, taste, smell, and pain in a relatively small percentage.2 A considerable amount of emotion is commonly present, usually a pure and single emotion such as fear, anger, or joy.3

　　Two clearly distinguishable states of sleep exist. The first state，called NREM-sleep ，occupies most of the sleep period and is associated with a relatively low pulse and blood pressure, and few or no reports of dreaming.4 The second type of sleep, known as REM-sleep occurs cyclically during the sleep period with rapid eye movements and frequent dream reports. Typically, a person has four or five periods of REM-sleep during the night, whether the dreams are remembered often, rarely, or not at all; they occur at intervals of about 90 minutes and altogether make up about 25 percent of the nights sleep . Evidence indicates that a dream period usually lasts from 5 to 20 minutes.5 Sounds and touches working on a dreamer can go into a dream if they occur during a REM-period. Although mental activity may be reported during NREM-sleep，these are usually short pieces of thoughtlike experiences.6

　　Modern dream research has focused on two general interpretations of dream content.7 In one view, dreams have no meaning of their own but are simply a process by which the brain integrates new information into memories. In the other view, dreams contain real meaning symbolized in a picture language distinct from conscious logical thought.8 If dreams express important wishes， fears, concerns, and worries of the dreamer, the study and analysis of dreams can help reveal previously unknown aspects of a persons mental functioningg.

　　词汇：

　　visual 视力的，视觉的 integrate 使成一体，使结合，使合并

　　auditory 听的，听觉的 percentage 百分比，百分率

　　distinguishable 区别得出的，可以辨明的

　　symbolize 作为的象征，象征

　　cyclically 循环地，周期性地 conscious 意识到的，自觉的，感到的

　　interval 间隔，间距，间隙

　　logical 符合逻辑的，有逻辑头脑的;逻辑上的，逻辑学的

　　interpretation 解释，说明，阐明

　　previously 以前的，先前的，前的，先的

　　注释：

　　1.Studies show that in dreams things are seen and heard rather than thought.研究表明，在梦里人 们是在看、在听而不是在想。 、

　　2.In terms of the senses, visual experience is present in almost all dreams; auditory experience in 40 to 50 percent; and touch, taste, smell, and pain in a relatively small percentage.就感官而 言，在几乎所有的梦中都有视觉体验;听觉体验占40%?50% ;触觉、味觉、嗅觉和痛觉所占 比例相对较小。短语in terms of意为从方面，，。

　　3. A considerable amount of emotion is commonly present, usually a pure and single emotion such as fear, anger, or joy.一般有相当程度的情绪表现，通常是一种诸如恐惧、愤怒或欢 喜等纯粹和单一的情绪。

　　4.The first state, called NREM-sleep , occupies most of the sleep period and is associated with a relatively low pulse and blood pressure, and few or no reports of dreaming.第一种状态称作NREM睡眠，它占睡眠时间的大部 分。这时，人的脉搏相对较慢，血压相对较低，醒来后也很少或者不说自己做了梦。be associated with意思是与 有联系。

　　5.Evidence indicates that a dream period usually lasts from 5 to 20 minutes.有证据表明一段梦境 通常延续5?20分钟。

　　6.Although mental activity may be reported during NREM-sleep, these are usually short pieces of thoughtlike experiences.虽然有一些人或许说在他们NREM睡鹺中有思维活动，但是这种活 动通常是类似思维的断断续续的小片段而巳。

　　7.Modern dream research has focused on two general interpretations of dream content.现代对梦的研究在如何对梦的内容做一般解释方面有两种集中的看法。

　　8.In the other view, dreams contain real meaning symbolized in a picture language distinct from conscious logical thought.另一种观点认为，梦是用图像语言象征真实意义，这种图像语言和有意识的逻辑思维有所区别。

　　9. the study and analysis of dreams can help reveal previously unknown aspects of a persons mental functioning ：对梦的研究分析有助于揭示以往所未知的人的思维功能的方面

　　练习：

　　1.There are in general two opinions about what we experience in a dream：

　　A one, we see our dreams, and two, we think our dreams.

　　B one, we are happy, and two, we are angry.

　　C one, dreams put new information into our memories, and two, dreams have real meanings in pictures different from our logical thinking.

　　D we have pictures in dreams because one, we have slow eye movements, and two, we have rapid eye movements.

　　2.According to this article, we

　　A often think seriously when we are dreaming.

　　B hardly ever hear music when we are dreaming.

　　C very often feel something tastes good when we are dreaming.

　　D almost always see different pictures when we are dreaming.

　　3.In your dreams, you

　　A very often feel happy and unhappy at the same time.

　　B always feel that you are afraid of somebody.

　　C seldom feel fear now and joy later.

　　D only feel anger.

　　4.This essay tells us that

　　A people usually dream in a NREM sleep.

　　B people usually dream in an REM sleep.

　　C people always remember what they have dreamed in an REM sleep.

　　D people may have an REM sleep all night through.

　　5. Based on what is discussed in this writing，an adult may have at most about of the time of his or her sleep dreaming.

　　A 90%

　　B 50%

　　C 25%

　　D 20%

　　答案与题解：

　　1.C答案根据在文章最后一段的第二句和第三句。

　　2.D答案的根据在文章的第一段，所有的选项也都涉及第一段。见注释1、2。

　　3.C第一段的最后一句说我们在做梦时所体验到的情绪往往是纯粹和单一的，故C项是正确 选项。A项不可能，B和D项太极端化。见注释3。

　　4.B答案的根据在文章第二段的第三句。在REM睡眠中，时有做梦的报道。

　　5.C第二段中说一般人睡眠时有四到五个REM阶段,这几个阶段约占整个睡眠时间的 25%。由于梦通常在REM阶段发生，所以睡眠中可能最多只有25%的时间在做梦。

　　译文：梦

　　研究表明，在梦里人们是在看、在听而不是在想。就感官而言，在几乎所有梦中都有视觉体验;听觉体验占40%~50%;触觉、味觉、嗅觉和痛觉所占的比例相对较小。一般有相当程度的情绪表现，通常是一种诸如恐惧、愤怒或欢喜等纯粹和单一的情绪。

　　有两种区别明显的睡眠状态。第一种状态称为NREM睡眠，它占据睡眠时间的大部分，这时，人的脉搏相对较慢，血压相对较低，醒来后也很少或者没有说做了梦。第二种睡眠，通常称为REM睡眠。它在睡眠时周期性出现。这时，双眼急促移动，并不时醒来说做了梦。人夜间有4~5小时的REM睡眠是较为典型的，无论他是常能记得这些梦还是很少或根本不记得。它们约第90分钟出现一次，总共约占去25%的夜间睡眠。。有证据表明，每段梦境通常延续5~20分钟。若是在REM期间，能影响梦者的声音与触摸便可进入梦中。虽然可能有人告诉说他们的NREM睡眠中有思维活动，但是这种活动通常是类似思维诉断断续续的小片段而已。

　　现代对梦的研究在如何对梦的内容作一般解释方面有两种集中的看法。一种观点认为，梦本身没有意义，只不过是人脑将新信息汇入记忆的一种过程而已。另一种观点认为，梦是用图像语言象征真实意义，这种图像语言和有意识的逻辑思维有所区别。倘若梦表达梦者的重要的愿望、恐惧、忧虑和烦恼，那么对梦的研究分析就有助于揭示对人的思维功能以往所未知的方面。