2014年职称英语卫生类考试教材阅读理解文章及练习(3)

　　Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor

　　The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking, said medical experts after a five-year research study.

　　Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer.They said patients are younger, especially women.

　　According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute, more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else.Following breast cancer, it has the second-highest incidence rate.

　　An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer, said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center.

　　He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years.Among them,l,483 were male.

　　Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only l8 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke, according to the report.

　　However, more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term, close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about1 irritated eyes and throat.

　　About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of womens bedrooms were adjacent to2 the kitchen.

　　However, local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer.Some claimed they may change food preparation methods.

　　Unless my family and I dont eat at home every day, I must stay in the kitchen to cook, said Xu Li, a 45-year-old local woman.I know the fumes are bad for the skin, but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer.I have already started frying less.

　　Doctors said womens lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition, but was closely related to family cancer history, unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.

　　Other experts agreed with he3.

　　Smoking is by far the biggest cause4 of lung cancer for men, said Dr Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan Universitys Medical College.Its true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women.

　　Hes research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling5 fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used.

　　The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time, 6experts said.

　　词汇：

　　fume 烟，气，汽

　　tumor n.肿瘤

　　cancer癌瘤

　　breast乳房，胸

　　incidence发生

　　diagnosis诊断

　　inhale秒.吸人

　　irritate使疼痛，刺激

　　fry钐.油炸，油煎

　　unventilate使不通风

　　adjacent.临近的

　　dietary饮食的

　　immune吐免疫的

　　honorary名誉上的;荣誉的

　　respiratory呼吸的

　　stall货摊

　　注释：

　　1.complain原意是抱怨，诉苦，但医学上常用complain about或complain of表示主诉。

　　2.adjacent to：与相毗邻，临近

　　3.Other experts agreed with he.其他专家同意何医生的意见。agree with sb：同意某人的意见。agree with sth：同意什么东西。agree to do sth：同意做什么事情。

　　4.by far the biggest cause：最最大的原因。by far是用来做形容词最高级the biggest的状语，对形容词最高级起强调作用。本来形容词最高级就已经是最高了，可是说话的人还要对它再强调出来，所以就相当汉语的最最的意思。

　　5...warned people not to stand near of stalls selling...：警告人们不要站在卖的货摊附近。也可以说成... warned people off stalls selling...。

　　6....if exposed to the fume for a long time：...如果长时间接触这种烟的话。expose sb.to sth. 原意是使...... 暴露于...... ，但医学文献中常常用来表达接触到的意思。此处if引导的条件状语从句相当于if one is exposed to the fume for a long time。

　　练习：

　　1.What a new tendency in lung cancer is concluded by the researchers?

　　A Men are more likely to develop lung cancer than women.

　　B Women are more likely to develop lung cancer than men.

　　C Patients with lung cancer become older, especially males.

　　D Patients with lung cancer become younger, especially females.

　　2.Which of the following diseases is the most common among the local residents in Shanghai?

　　A Heart disease.

　　B Breast cancer.

　　C Infectious diseases.

　　D Lung cancer.

　　3.What symptoms may be complained of by most women with lung cancer after long term, close contact with cooking oil fumes?

　　A Irritated eyes and throat.

　　B Severe pain in both lungs.

　　C Continuous cough and headache.

　　D Difficulty in breathin9.

　　4.What was the local womens reaction when they learned that cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer?

　　A Happy.

　　B Surprised.

　　C Angry.

　　D Careless

　　5.Which of the following has relatively little connection with womens lung cancer?

　　A Family cancer history.

　　B Unhealthy dietary habits.

　　C Weak immune systems.

　　D Personal health and physical condition.

　　答案与题解：

　　1.D文章第二段明确提到，肺癌的新趋势就是病人更年轻，尤其是妇女。

　　2.B文章第三段说到，肺癌排在乳腺癌之后，发病率第二高，可见乳腺癌才是最常见的疾病。

　　3.A文章第七段说到，60%以上患肺癌的妇女都长期接触厨房油烟并主诉眼睛和喉咙疼痛难受。

　　4.B文章倒数第七段明确说到，当妇女们知道厨房油烟可以致癌时都很惊讶。

　　5.D 回答此题时，首先要注意倒数第五段中的两处文字，即had few links to...和was closely related to...，其中link to意为connection with，而relate to则意为connect with，都是联系的意思，只是few和closely的差别却很大。few和little一样，都是具有否定意义的词，意为很少，几乎没有，只是后面的名词分别为可数名词和不可数名词而已;它们与a few和a little不同，a few和a little具有肯定意义，意为有几个和有一点，后面的名词同样分别为可数名词和不可数名词。如果这一点明白了，也就很容易回答这道题了。

　　译文：厨房油烟可致癌

　　医学专家们经过5年的研究调研后指出，城市人群中，男性患肺癌的首要原因是吸烟，而女性患此绝症的罪魁祸首是厨房油烟。

　　医生们昨天宣布这一结果，并对肺癌患病的一些新趋势做出分析。他们认为病人越来越年轻化，尤其是女性。

　　据上海肿瘤研究所统计显示，本市死于肺癌的居民多于死于其他疾病的人。肺癌成为继乳腺癌之后的第二大高发病率肿瘤。

　　上海民生中医肿瘤诊疗中心何裕民医生指出：不健康的生活习惯是致癌的一个重要原因。

　　他对2,276名肺癌患者进行了长达5年的追踪调研。这些患者中有1,483名师男性。

　　报告显示，案例中男性患者中70%是由吸烟诱发癌症的，而直邮18%的女性患者是由于吸烟或被迫吸入二手烟才诱发癌症的。

　　然而，60%以上患肺癌的女性都长期接触厨房油烟并主诉眼睛和喉咙疼痛难受。

　　大约32%的女性在滚开的油里煎炸食物而厨房却密不透风。而大约25%的女性居住的卧室紧邻厨房。

　　但是，妇女们知道厨房油烟可以致癌时都很惊讶。其中一些人表示要改变准备饮食的方式。

　　我每天都得下厨做饭，除非我和家人都不在家用餐，李旭，一名45岁的妇女说，我知道油烟对皮肤不好，但是还是第一次听说油烟竟能致癌、我以后要少煎炸食物。

　　医生们认为，女性患肺癌和个人健康及身体状况联系极少，但和肿瘤家族病史、不健康的饮食习惯和脆弱的免疫系统联系紧密。

　　其它专家同意何医生的意见。

　　吸烟已经成为诱发男性肺癌最最大的因素，上海复旦大学医学院呼吸道疾病研究所名誉主席谭彬用指出，二手烟和厨房油烟的确是诱发女性肺癌的主要原因。

　　他的研究同时也警告人们不要站在卖油炸食品的摊点旁，因为他们使用的油都是劣质的。

　　专家称，如果长时间接受油烟，患肺癌的几率有常人的3倍那么高。