2014年职称英语卫生类考试教材阅读理解文章及练习(12)

　　Common-cold Sense

　　You cant beat it, but you dont have Jo join it.2 Maybe it got the name common cold because its more common in winter. The fact is, though, being cold doesnt have anything to do with getting one 3. Colds are caused by the spread of rhinoviruses,, and, at least so far, medical science is better at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one4.

　　Children are the most common way cold viruses are spread to adults，because they have more colds than adults 一 an average of about eight per year. Why do kids seem so much more easily to get colds than their parents? Simple. They havent had the opportunity to become immune to many cold viruses.

　　There are more than 150 different cold viruses, and you never have the same one twice. Being infected by one makes you immune to it _ but only it.5

　　Colds are usually spread by direct contact, not sneezing or coughing. From another persons hand to your hand and then to your nose or eyes is the most common route.6 The highest concentration of cold viruses 7 anywhere is found under the thumbnails of a boy, although the viruses can survive for hours on skin or other smooth surfaces.

　　Hygiene is your best defense. Wash your hands frequently, preferably with a disinfectant soap, especially when children in your household have colds.

　　But even careful hygiene wont ward off 8 every cold. So, what works when a coughing, sneezing, runny nose 9 strikes?

　　The old prescription of two aspirins, lots of water, and bed rest is a good place to start. But youll also find some of the folk remedies10 worth trying. Hot mixtures of sugar ， lemon, and water have real benefits.

　　词汇：

　　rhinovirus 鼻病毒 preferably 更可取地，更好 地

　　virus 病毒 disinfectant 消毒剂，杀菌剂

　　immune 免疫的，有免疫力的 prescription 诀窝;处方,药方

　　infect 传染，侵染，感染 sneeze 打喷嚏

　　remedy 治疗，治疗法,药品

　　注释：

　　1. 标题common-cold sense实际上是在单词commonsense中插入cold 一词,意为关于感冒的常识。

　　2. You cant beat it, but you dont have to join it. 字面上的意思是你无法打败它，但你并不 是非得加入它的行列不可，实际上指的是目前尚没找到彻底对付感冒的办法，但至少我们 可以试图预防感冒。

　　3. being cold doesnt have anything to do with getting one.动名词短语being cold意思是 感到冷，在句中作主语;动词短语not have anything to do with something意思是与某 事无关，在句中作谓语;最后一个不定代词one指的是一种感冒，作宾语。整句话的 意思是受凉和得感冒并没有什么因果关系。

　　4. ... medical science is better at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one.医学与其说能教你如何摆脱感冒，不如说它能告诉你如何预防感冒。

　　5.Being infected by one makes you immune to it but only it.被一种病毒感染过后使你对它 产生免疫力但只是对这种而言。be immune to sth.意思是对某物有免疫力 或不受某事的影响。

　　6.From another persons hand to your harld and then to your nose or eyes is the most common route.这是一个倒装句，按照正常语序句子应该是The most common route is from another persons hand to your hand and then to ybur nose or eyes,意为最普通的途径是从 别人的手传到你的手中，再传到你的鼻子或眼睛里去。

　　7.The highest concentration of cold viruses ：感冒病菌最集中的地方

　　8.ward off：避开，防止

　　9.runny nose：流鼻涕

　　10.folk remedies: 土药方，偏方

　　练习：

　　1.According to the essay, you may have a cold because

　　A the weather is too cold.

　　B the spread of rhinoviruses gets people infected.

　　C another persons coughing passes the cold to you.

　　D you wash your hands too often.

　　2.The best way to keep yourself from getting colds is

　　A to keep yourself clean.

　　B to use i disinfectant soap.

　　C to take two aspirins every day.

　　D to drink lots of water.

　　3.Children have more colds because

　　A they are usually infected about eight times each year.

　　B they are not immune to many cold viruses yet.

　　C they never wash their hands so that their thumbnails are dirty.

　　D they dont like eating lemon.

　　4.When you are having a cold,

　　A it is always the same kind of cold that you had last time.

　　B it may be the same kind of cold that you had last time.

　　C it is certainly not the same kind of cold that you had last time.?

　　D it is probably not the same kind of cold that you had last time. 5.When one is having a cold, he may often have all the following symptoms EXCEPT

　　A coughing.

　　B having a sore throat.

　　C having a runny nose.

　　D having a stomachache.

　　答案与题解：

　　1.B第一段虽然提到了感冒常发生于冬天，但紧接下去说得很清楚：受凉并不会导致感冒，所 以A不是正确答案。文章第四段第一句说得明白：感冒通常是由于与感冒的人身体直接接 触而传染的，而不是由打喷嚏或晐嗽传染的，所以C项也不是正确答案。至于D更是错误。 答案B与第一段第四句的意义相吻合，因此是正确答案。

　　2.A第五段的第一句话Hygiene is your best defense意思是卫生是你的最佳防御，与A 项相吻合，因此A项是正确答案。同一段中提到的用消毒肥皂洗手，虽然也是保持卫生的手 段之一，但仅是一个具体措施，不是全部措施，所以B项不是正确答案。C项提到的服阿司 匹林是治感冒的手段之一，而非预防手段D项提到的多喝 水在文中也指治疗手段，所以C和D都不是正确答案。

　　3.B第二段中提到儿童平均一年得八次感冒，这是一个统计数据而不是儿童得感冒的原因; 文中并没有说儿童从不洗手文中也没有说儿童不喜欢吃柠檬所以A、C、D都不对。 B项与第二段最后一句意思一样，是正确答案。

　　4.C第三段提到有150多种感冒病毒，而人们绝不会被同一种病毒侵害两次，因为得了一次 感冒后对相应的病毒就获得了免疫力，所以只有C项才符合第三段的内容。

　　5.D本题谈的是文中提及的感冒症状。文中并没有提到得了感冒就胃疼，实际上文中根本就 没有stomachache这个词或相关的字眼，所以D项是正确答案。

　　译文：关于感冒的常识

　　目前尚没有找到彻底对付感冒的方法，但至少我们可以预防感冒。感管这一名称的由来是因为 这种病症常见于冬天。而事实上受凉和感冒并没有什么因果关系。感盲是由鼻病毒的传播引起的， 而且直到今天，医学能告诉你的只是如何去预防而不是如何根治感冒。

　　感冒病毒经常通过儿童传染给成人，因为儿童易得感冒平均一年里有8次左右。为什么小 孩比父母更加容易得感冒?答案很简单。儿童不可能对多种感冒病毒都具有免疫能力。

　　感冒病毒有150多种。一个人不可能两次感染上同一病毒。被一种病毒感染后人体就会产生 对它的免疫力。但这种免疫力只是针对这一种病毒。

　　感冒传播的途径通常不是打喷嚏和咳嗽，而是身体的直接接触。最普通的途径是从别人的手传 到你的手中，再传到你的鼻子或眼睛里去。感冒病毒最集中的地方是小孩的拇指甲盖里，尽管在皮 肤等光滑表面上病毒也能存活几个小时。

　　保持卫生是最好的预防方法：经常用消毒肥皂洗手，尤其是当家里有小孩患感冒时。

　　然而即使注意卫生也不能预防所有的感冒。当你咳嗽、打喷嚏、流鼻涕时该怎么办? 服两片阿司匹林，大量喝水，睡一觉，这个老法子还是很有效的。也可以试试一些偏方，用热开 水加糖和柠檬汁内服，这个方法也很管用。