2014职称英语卫生B级练习：阅读指导

　　阅读三篇短文。每篇短文后面有五个问题，每个问题都有四个备选答案，应试者根据短文的内容从四个备选答案中选择一个最佳答案。

　　第一篇

　　Sign has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that signed languages are uniquea speech of the hand. They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and understands language, and throw new light on an old scientific controversy: whether language, complete with grammar, is something that we are born with, or whether it is a learned behavior. The current interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington, D. C., the worlds only liberal arts university for deaf people.

　　When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English, the school enrolled him in a course in signing. But Stokoe noticed something odd; among themselves, students signed differently from his classroom teacher.

　　Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural code, each movement of the hands representing a word in English. At the time, American Sign Language was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin English . But Stokoe believed the hand talk his students used looked richer. He wondered: Might deaf people actually have a genuine language? And could that language be unlike any other on Earth? It was 1955, when even deaf people dismissed their signing as substandard. Stokoes idea was academic heresy .

　　It is 37 years later. Stokoenow devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and the deaf cultureis having lunch at a cafe near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution. For decades educators fought his idea that signed languages are natural languages like English, French and Japanese. They assumed language must be based on speech the modulation of sound. But sign language is based on the movement of hands, the modulation of space. What I said, Stokoe explains, is that language is not mouth stuffits brain stuff.

　　31.The study of sign language is thought to be________.

　　A.a new way to look at the learning of language

　　B. a challenge to traditional views on the nature of language

　　C. an approach to simplifying the grammatical structure of a language

　　D. an attempt to clarify misunderstanding about the origin of language

　　32. The present growing interest in sign language was stimulated by________.

　　A. a famous scholar in the study of the human brain

　　B. a leading specialist in the study of liberal arts

　　C. an English teacher in a university for the deaf

　　D. some senior experts in American Sign Language

　　33. According to Stokoe, sign language is_________.

　　A. a substandard language

　　B. a genuine language

　　C. an artificial language

　　D. an international language

　　34. Most educators objected to Stokoes idea because they thought_________.

　　A. sign language was not extensively used even by deaf people

　　B. sign language was too artificial to be widely accepted

　　C. a language should be easy to use and understand

　　D. a language could only exist in the form of speech sounds

　　35. Stokoes argument is based on his belief that________.

　　A. sign language is as efficient as any other language

　　B. sign language is derived from natural language

　　C. language is a system of meaningful codes

　　D. language is a product of the brain

　　第二篇

　　Certain animals and plants develop characteristics that they cope with their environment better than others of their kind. This natural biological process is called adaptation. Among the superior characteristics developed through adaptation are those that may help in getting food or shelter,in protection,and in producing and protecting the young. That results in the evolution of more and more organisms that are better fitted to their environments.

　　Each living things is adapted to its way of life in a general way, but each is adapted especially to its owndistinct class. A plant,for example,depends upon its roots to fix itself firmly and to absorb water andinorganic chemicals. These ate general adaptations, common to most plants. In addition, there are special adaptations that only certain kinds of plants have.

　　Many animals have adaptations that help them escape from their enemies. Some insects are hidden by body color or shape,and many look like a leaf or a little branch. The coasts of deer are colored to mix with surroundings. Many animals have the ability to remain completely still when an enemy is near.

　　Organisms have a great variety of ways of adapting. They may adapt in their structure, functions, and genetics;in their development and production of the young;and in other respects. An organism may create its own environment,as do warm-blooded mammals,which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather. Usually adaptations are an advantage, but sometimes an organism is so well adapted to a particular environment that, if conditions change, it is difficult or impossible to readapt to new conditions.

　　36. Some plants and animals develop superior characteristics so they may_________.

　　A.help other of their kind get food,shelter and other things needed

　　B. survive even in extremely severe conditions

　　C. become better adapted to the environments than others of their kind

　　D. result in the evolution and production of more intelligent organisms

　　37. In the first paragraph, the wordenvironmentscould best be replaced by________.

　　A. contexts

　　B. surroundings

　　C. neighbors

　　D. enemies

　　38. It can be inferred from this passage that the feathers of a bird are colored _______.

　　A. to frighten its enemies

　　B. to attract its enemies

　　C. to adjust its body heat

　　D. to match its environment

　　39. Which to the following is not directly mentioned? ___________.

　　A.A living thing may adapt in its structure

　　B.An organism may adapt in its function

　　C.A living creature may adapt in genetics

　　D.A living organism may adapt in its sleeping habit

　　40. The author cites the behavior of warm-blooded mammals in order to illustrate which of the following? __________.

　　A.A living thing may have the ability to create an environment of its own

　　B.A living creature may have the ability to find shelter for them

　　C.A living creature may have the ability to make food from inorganic chemicals

　　D.A living creature may have the ability to change the color of its skin

　　第三篇

　　Congratulations, Mr. Jones, its a girl.

　　Fatherhood is going to have a different meaning and bring forthe different response from every man who hears these words. Some feel pride, when they receive the news, while others worry, wondering whether they will be good fathers. Although there are some men who like children and may have had considerableexperience with them, others do not particularly care for children and spend little time with them. Many fathers and mothers have been planning and looking forward to children for some time. For other couples, pregnancy was an accident that both husband and wife have accepted willingly or unwillingly.

　　Whatever the reaction to the birth of a child, it is obvious that the shift from the role of husband to that of father is a difficult task. Yet, unfortunately, few attempts have been made to educate fathers in this resocialization process. Although numerous books have been written about American mothers, only recently has literature focused on the role of a father.

　　I　　t is argued by some writers that the transition to the fathers role, although difficult, is not nearly as great as the transition the wife must make to the mothers role. The mothers role seems to require complete transformation in daily routine and highly innovative adaptation; on the other hand, the fathers role is less demanding and immediate. However, even though we mentioned the fact that growing number of women are working outside the home, the father is still thought by many as the breadwinner in the household.

　　41. According to the author, being a father_________.

　　A.brings a feeling of excitement to some men

　　B.has a different meaning for those who have daughters

　　C.makes some men feel proud and others uneasy

　　D.means nothing but more responsibilities

　　42. It is stated in the passage that__________.

　　A.some parents are not prepared to have a child

　　B.young couples do not like children at all

　　C.do not have much time to take care of their children

　　D.many parents look forward to having a boy as their first child

　　43. In the second paragraph, the author__________.

　　A. criticizes fathers for not taking enough responsibilities in bringing up their children

　　B.excuses the American writers for ignoring the difficulties of being a father

　　C.supports the idea that the chief role of a father is to earn money for the family

　　D.criticizes that few literature has focused on the role of a father

　　44. The transition to the mothers role requires that the wife__________.

　　A.change her lifestyle in a highly innovative way

　　B.make a complete change in her everyday life to deal with the new situation

　　C.stay at home to take care of the baby

　　D.help her husband in his resocialization process

　　45. Some writers argue that with respect to the change of roles, fathers, compared with mothers, ___________.

　　A. have to shoulder more burdens

　　B. have to make more difficult adaptations

　　C. have an easier job to do

　　D. can usually do a better job

　　参考答案

　　第一篇

　　31. B 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. D

　　第二篇 36. C 37. B 38. D 39. D

　　40. A 第三篇 41. C 42. A 43. A 44. B 45. C