职称英语卫生类考试考前每日一练(20)

　　职称英语卫生类考试考前每日一练

　　阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

　　Margaret Sanger and Birth Control

　　Margaret Sanger, an American nurse, was the first to start the modern birth control movement in the United States. In 1912, she 51 publishing information about womens reproductive concerns through articles and books. In 1914, Sanger was charged __ 52 violation of the Comstock Law, which federal legislation had passed in 1873 forbidding the mailing of sexy material 53 information about birth control and contraceptive devices. Though she was put in hail for these activities., Sanger 54 to publish and spread information about birth control. She and her sister Ethel Byme opened the first of several birth control clinics in America on October 16, 1916, in Brooklyn, New York.

　　The Comstock Law was rewritten by Congress in 1936 to 55 birth control in forma-tion and devices. Many states had maws forbidding distribution or use of contraceptive de-vices but the constitutionality of these laws was increasingly 56 . In 1965, the Supreme Court of the United States rules that married people have the right to practice birth control without government intervention. In 1972, the court 57 that unmarried people have the same right.

　　Today there are more birth control options 58 , but overpopulation and unwanted pregnancies remain worldwide 59 . Having more children than one can support may lead 60 poverty, illness, and high death rates for babies, children, and women.

　　The problem of teenage pregnancy is 61 worse in the United States 62 in almost any other developed country. Studies show that birth rates for women under 20 are higher in the United States than in 29 other 63 countries. A detailed study suggested that the problem of teenage pregnancy in the United States may be 64 to less sex education in schools and lower availability of contraceptive services and supplies to young people. This study 65 the view of people in the United States who argue that sex education or making contraceptive supplies available to school-age children promotes sexual activity.

　　51. A. offered

　　B. refused

　　C. took

　　D. began

　　52. A. of

　　B. with

　　C. for

　　D. to

　　53. A. denying

　　B. linking

　　C. including

　　D. understanding

　　54. A. continued

　　B. started

　　C. kept

　　D. stopped

　　55. A. exclude

　　B. spread

　　C. forbid

　　D. include

　　56. A. accepted

　　B. questioned

　　C. confirmed

　　D. favored

　　57. A. permitted

　　B. knew

　　C. suspected

　　D. held

　　58. A. than never before

　　B. than before ever

　　C. than before never

　　D. than ever before

　　59. A. beliefs

　　B. problems

　　C. gossips

　　D. doubts

　　60. A. on

　　B. at

　　C. by

　　D. to

　　61. A. considerably

　　B. adequately

　　C. enough

　　D. more

　　62. A. as

　　B. for

　　C. than

　　D. over

　　63. A. developing

　　B. developed

　　C. poor

　　D. acceptable

　　64. A. related

　　B. popular

　　C. loyal

　　D. concerned

　　65. A. regards

　　B. suggests

　　C. supports

　　D. counters

　　参考译文

　　玛格利特 桑格与节育

　　美国护士玛格利特 桑格是第一个在美国发动现代节育运动的人。1912年，她开始写文章和书，发表关于女性生殖问题的信息。1914年，桑格被控违反了科姆斯多克法规，这一法规是联邦立法机构1873年通过的，规定禁止邮寄包含节育和避孕措施等内容的性资料。尽管桑格因此被判入狱，她仍继续发表并传播有关节育的信息。她和她的姐妹伊塞尔 白姆一起，于1916年10月16 日在纽约市的布鲁克林开办了美国第一家节育诊所。

　　1936年，美国国会改写了科姆斯多克法规，增加了关于节育信息及措施的内容。当时，许多州的法规禁止散发或使用避孕工具，但是这些法规的合宪性越来越受到质疑。1965年，美国联邦最高法院判定，已婚者有权进行节育，不受政府的干预。1972年，联邦最高法院又裁定未婚者也有同样的权利。

　　今天人们在节育方面比以往任何时候都享有更多的选择，但是人口过剩和违背意愿的怀孕仍然是世界性的问题。如果子女的数量超过了父母所能抚养的范围，就可能导致贫困和疾病，并使婴幼儿死亡率及女性死亡率增高。

　　在美国，十几岁青少年的怀孕问题比其他几乎所有发达国家都严重得多。研究表明，美国20岁以下少女的生育率高于29个其他发达国家。一项细致的研究表明，美国十几岁少女的怀孕问题可能与学校中的性教育不够，而且年轻人不易得到避孕服务和用品有关。这项研究反驳了美国一部分人认为性教育或者让学龄孩子得到避孕工具会助长性活动的观点。