本课您将学到:小小tip学问多,sth. by sth.句型
The name Italy is extremely old. It seems to have been used first in documents(用文件证明) of the 5th century BC. To describe a small territory(领土) at the tip of the boot-shaped(靴子形) peninsula(半岛) that extends(延伸) into the Mediterranean Sea(地中海). Historians(历史学家) used to think that the name came from that of a legendary(传奇的) king, Italo. Many other ingenious(独创的) and improbable(不大可能的) theories(理论) have been suggested to explain the origin of the name.
No matter what its origins, the name of that small territory at the tip of the boot spreads(使延伸), little by little, to indicate(象征) the whole peninsula. By about AD1000 the name designated(表明) a region, a dialect(方言), and a culture. But it was not until the mid-19th century that the many separate nations on the peninsula were united into one nation, the nation to which the ancient name Italy was given.
「读书笔记」
意大利这一名字极其古老。它最早被用在公元前5世纪的文件中,指延伸进地中海的靴形半岛顶端的那一小块领土。历史学家过去一直认为它取自一位传奇国王-意大洛的名字。人们还提出许多有独创性但却不大可能的理论来解释这一名字的来源。
不论其来源于何处,原来只指靴形半岛顶端那一小块领土的这一名字逐渐扩大到泛指整个半岛。大约到了公元1000年,它指一个地区,一种方言,以及一种文化。但是一直到19世纪中期,该半岛上的许多独立国家才联合成为一个国家,并以意大利这一古老的名字命名。
Tip可做名词和动词,常见的意思有以下几种。
(1)名词小费。(一种让中国人非常难以接受的习惯,呵呵)如:
We gave the taxi driver a tip.
我们付小费给出租车司机。
(2)动词意思付小费。上面那句话换种方式说出来就是这样:
We tipped the taxi driver.
我们给出租车司机小费。
(3)名词顶端、尖端。做英语会话时,经常出现的短路现象,就可以用下面这句话来表达:
The word is on the tip of my tongue.
这个词就在嘴边上。
(4)名词内部情报、小道消息。下面这句话可能是那些gossip的人最常说的:
I got the tip straight from the horses mouth.
这个消息是千真万确的!
「句型留言板」
介词by可以表示连续反复的事物,逐个或逐批出现的意思,今天我们的就来掌握something by something句型。这something可以是形容词,也可以是名词。来看看例子吧!
little by little 逐渐地
Little by little the flood water receded.
洪水慢慢地退了。
The teacher explained the text sentence by sentence.
教师逐句讲解了这篇课文。
大家也来造个句子怎么样?
农民犁田只能一块一块地犁。(答案在下面。)
今天的节目就到这里,希望大家掌握一个词tip和一个句型sth. by sth..我们下次再见!
练习答案:Peasants can only plough the land plot by plot.
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