by oneself,for oneself,in oneself,of oneself
这四个词组的意义有所不同。
By oneself的意思是单独地、靠自己地( alone or independently)。例:
His father lives by himself in the village.
他的父亲独自一个人住在村里。
All his friends have deserted him and he is all by himself now.
他所有的朋友都离弃他,现在他孤独一人。
For oneself的意义为为自己(for himself or for herself)。例:
One should not live only for oneself.
人不应单为自己而活。
In oneself的意思是就其本身或本性而言。例:
This wood is hard in itself.
这种木头本要就是硬的。
Of oneself的意思是自然地、自发地、自动地(of ones own accord)。例:
Every day I awake of myself at half past five.
每天早上我都是五点半就自己醒来。
The door opened of itself.
门是自己开的。
The fire went out of itself.
火自己熄灭了。
与上列四个短语相类似的还有两个词组,即beside oneself和 to oneself,前者义:失常、发狂;后者是独自占有或享用。例:
He was beside himself with joy.
他欣喜若狂。
When one dines in a restaurant,one likes a table to oneself.
人们在饭店吃饭时,总是喜欢独占一桌。
Oneself和 ones self的区别也是值得我们注意的。Oneself是反身强调代词,意指自己;ones self则是代词加名词,意指个人的本性。它们的区别如同myself和my self;yourself和your self ;himself和his self;ourselves 和our selves ;themselves和their selves一样。例:
She made a cup of tea for herself.
她为自己烧了一杯茶。
She looked just like her old self.
她看上去和从前依然一模一样。
请注意,myself可以在句中表示me的涵义,这是其他反身代词所没有的特性。例:
They invited my father and myself(=me)to their party.
他们邀请我父亲和我参加他们的聚会。
He saw neither myself nor Mary in the street.
在马路上他既没有看见我,也没有看见玛丽。
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